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MSK > Osteoarthritis > Flashcards

Osteoarthritis Flashcards

1
Q

What is osteoarthritis?

A

Condition characterised by the progressive. loss of articular cartilage and remodelling of the underlying bone, usually due to wear
Leading cause of disability in the Western World

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2
Q

Why is osteoarthritis on the increase?

A

Ageing population

Increasing rates of obesity

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3
Q

What is the most mobile type of joint?

A

Synovial joint

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4
Q

What type of cartilage is found at a synovial joint?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

What is hyaline cartilage composed of?

A

Type II collagen

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6
Q

What is the role of synovial fluid?

A

Reduces friction during movement

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7
Q

Why would joints wear more quickly?

A

Obesity
Increase in physical activity: high impact
Trauma: that fractures bone gives you rough surface
Loss of cartilage: Less absorption of shock

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8
Q

What are the main features of type I collagen?

A

bONE

Found in fibrocartilage meniscus

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9
Q

What are the main features of type II collagen?

A

Cartilage

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10
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis?

A

Wear process and secondary inflammation

Progressive loss of articular cartilage and remodelling of underlying bone

Due to the response

……………….

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11
Q

What are the primary causes of osteoarthritis?

A

Female: advancing age and manual labour

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12
Q

What are the signs of symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

Gradual onset
Joint pain
Stiffness
Worsen at the end of day and with activity

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13
Q

What are the signs of symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A 
Gradual onset
Joint pain
Stiffness
Worsen at the end of day and with activity
Relieved by rest
Deformity
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14
Q

What is varus deformity?

A

Excessive inward angulation

Knee towards the midline

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15
Q

What is a valgus deformity?

A

Excessive outward anugaltion

Knee away from midline

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16
Q

How can we manage osteoarthritis?

A 
Physiotherapy
Steroid injections 
Pain killers 
Crutch/ Walking stick 
Surgery e.g. hip replacement
17
Q

What conservative approaches can be used?

A

Education
Physiotherapy
Weight loss
Hot and cold therapy

18
Q

What medical approaches can be used?

A

Simple analgesia
Topical NSAIDs
Injection- steroid & local anaesthetic

19
Q

What operative approaches can be used?

A

Realignment

Replacement

20
Q

What is the primary pathology in rheumatoid arthritis?

A

Inflammation

Secondary wear

21
Q

What is the primary pathology in osteoarthritis?

A

Wear process

Secondary inflammation

22
Q

Which type of arthritis presents symmetrically?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

23
Q

During which time of the day do symptoms for osteoarthritis worsen?

A

Evening

24
Q

During which time of the day do symptoms for rheumatoid arthritis worsen?

A

Early morning

25
Q

What % increase in pressure is experience after a total meniscectomy?

A

800%

26
Q

What is the function of the meniscus?

A

Load distribution
Prevents ‘stiletto on ground’
Shock absorber

27
Q

What are the key findings of OA seen on X-ray?

A

Osteophyte formation

Joint space narrowing

Subchondral sclerosis: hardening of the bone just below the cartilage surface

Subchondral cyst: fluid filled space inside a joint that extends from one bone of the joint

Deformity

28
Q

What questions can you ask to explore pain?

A

Does the pain worsen as she does anything particular?Exacerbating factors

When does the pain get better? Relieving factors

At what time of day is the pain worse?

Do you have pain at night?

What type of pain? Stabbing/sharp/dull/crushing/burning

Where is the pain exactly?

Does the pain radiate? Usually caused by injury to a nerve?
Grade your pain from 0-10 (intensity)

29
Q

What non-operative approaches can be used for hallux valgus?

A

Orthotics

Space or custom shoes

30
Q

What operative approaches can be used for hallux valgus?

A

Osteotomy
Athroplasty (replacement)
Athrodesis (fusion)

MSK (6 decks)

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