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Osteoporosis > Osteo > Flashcards

Osteo Flashcards

1
Q

Recommended calcium intake recommended for adolescents and young adults 11-24

A

1,200 to 1500 mg

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2
Q

Recommended calcium intake recommended for women 25-50 yrs

A

1,000 mg

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3
Q

Recommended calcium intake recommended for post menopause not on HRT

A

1,500mg

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4
Q

What do osteoporosis medications do

A
  • slow down or stop bone loss or rebuild bone/ slows down the remodeling process
  • reduce the chances of broken bones
  • for medications to work, a person still needs to get enough calcium
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5
Q

3 types of osteoporosis meds

A

Bisphosphonates
Calcitonin
Estrogen receptor modulator

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6
Q

What does bisphosphonates do

A

Antiresorptive

Slowing down the remodeling process

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7
Q

Examples of bisphosphonates

A

Fosamax
Boniva
Actonel
Reclast

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8
Q

After taking bisphosphonates the person must be able to

A

Sit up for an hour

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9
Q

Side affects of bisphosphonates

A

Heartburn
Abdominal pain
Irritated esophagus

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10
Q

Risk factors from bisphosphonates

A

Rare type of femur fractures:
Subtrochanteric fx
Diaphicele fx

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11
Q

Brand of calcitonin

A

Miacalcin

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12
Q

Estrogen receptor modulator is aka

A

Raloxifene

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13
Q

Brand of Estrogen receptor modulator

A

Evista

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14
Q

Advantages of Estrogen receptor modulator

A

Reduce fats in blood, cholesterol

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15
Q

Side affects of Estrogen receptor modulator

A

Hot flashes
Leg cramps
Blood clots

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16
Q

What is Juvent

A

Used to tx osteoporosis by sending electrical impulses up into body to stimulate bone growth

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17
Q

Name bone densitometry tests

A
  1. Quantitative measurement of bone density
  2. Bone Mineral Density Test
  3. Plain skeletal radiographs
  4. Quantitative Ultrasound
  5. Quantitative computed tomography
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18
Q

Quantitative measurement of bone density is the measurement of

A

Weight bearing bones: hip and spine

Can also measure forearm, wrist, finger, heel

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19
Q

BMD is used for?

A
  1. Checks bone mineral content
  2. Used to confirm diagnosis of osteoporosis
  3. Can predict a persons chances of breaking a bone in the future
  4. Determine whether a person’s bone density is increasing decreasing or remaining the same
  5. Can monitor a person’s response to treatment
20
Q

FRAX

A

Fracture risk assessment tool

21
Q

BMD T-score

A
  1. Compares your bone density to a young normal healthy 30 year old with peak bone density
  2. T score indicates how much your bone density is above or below normal
  3. T score is used by healthcare providers to diagnose osteoporosis
22
Q

Normal T score

A

Between +1 and -1

23
Q

T score indicating low bone density or osteopenia

A

Between-1 and -2.5

24
Q

T score that is a diagnosis of osteoporosis

A

-2.5 and lower

25
Q

BMD Z score

A
  1. Compares your bone density to what is normal in someone your age and body size
  2. Is not used to diagnose osteoporosis
26
Q

The bone density unit is called

A

Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
DXA
DEXA

27
Q

How does DXA work?

A
  1. Works on the principle of x-ray attenuation effect, separation of soft tissue and bone
  2. Two different photon energies are used to differentiate soft tissue and bone
28
Q

2 common types of dexa

A
  1. Pencil beam (circular pinhole); narrow stream of X-ray that goes across body and back and forth
  2. Array Beam ( fan-beam)
    Has a narrow slit
    Beam moves up towards head
29
Q

C-arm array beam

A

Less common
Multiple detectors
Can scan at more than one plane

30
Q

When does plain skeletal radiographs show visual bone demineralization

A

When bones have demineralized 40%

31
Q

How does quantitative ultrasound measure bone density

A

It is used to determine how sound waves travel through the bone

32
Q

How does quantitative computed tomography measure bone density

A

This test uses CT scanner with special software designed to perform bone density studies

33
Q

Place that you position for a hip dexa

A

Ward’s Triangle

34
Q

Reason why we would do a forearm scan

A

If the patient had bilateral hip prosthetics

35
Q

Type of bone that is dense, outer shell

A

Cortical/ compact

36
Q

Type of bone that is delicate lattice work

A

Trabecular / cancellous

37
Q

What type of bone supports weight and accounts for 80% of bone mass

A

Cortical / compact

38
Q

Type of bone that gets destroyed from osteoporosis

A

Trabecular / cancellous

39
Q

2 stages of remodeling process

A

Resorption

Formation

40
Q

Resorption

A

Osteoclasts breakdown bone and remove old bone leaving pits

41
Q

Formation

A

Osteoblasts fill in Pitts with new bone

42
Q

How long does the resorption process take

A

One week

43
Q

How long does the formation process take

A

One month

44
Q

Five symptoms of osteoporosis

A 
Back pain
Loss in height
Stooped posture
Curved back / humpback/ Dowager's hump
Fracture of hip vertebrae and wrist are most common
45
Q

Risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
Family history
Being female
Menopause
Caucasian or Asian descent 
Thin or small build
Life style risk factors include smoking, excessive drinking, not enough exercise, diet low in calcium
46
Q

What medication types increase risk factors for osteoporosis

A

Hyperthyroidism – have problem absorbing calcium
Asthma – COPD steroids long term
Patients taking steroids for other reasons

Osteoporosis (1 decks)

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