OST Flashcards
What approach should be taken in regards to force on a suspect?
P.l.a.n.e
P - proportionate L - legality A - accountability N - neccessary E - ethical
What article of the human rights act are important regards OST?
Article 2 - right to life
Article 3 - absolute right not to be tortured, or subjected to inhumane treatment
Article 5 - right to liberty
What is the policy/ criteria for use of force?
An officers use of force must be REASONABLE.
What is justification?
The level of force must be appropriate to the degree of resistance exhibited by the subject.
What is preclusion?
Other force options must have been either ATTEMPTED and FAILED
Or
Have been considered and found to be inappropriate under the circumstances.
What is force?
Is described as the use of STRENGTH, POWER and ENERGY but includes anything that tends to produce an effect on the mind. Or will of another.
What is section 20 of the police and firm reform act 2013?
It is the duty of a constable
To prevent and detect crime
To maintain order
To protect life and property
To make reports to the prosecutor to bring offenders to justice
When required to serve and execute a warrant
To attend court to give evidence
What are the components of communication?
Words - 7%
Vocal - 38%
Body language - 55%
What are the 5 steps to positive tactical communication?
Ethical appeal Reasonable appeal and explain Personal appeal and options Practical appeal - confirmation Action
What are 5 occasions when tat coms may fail?
S.a.f.e.r
S - security (imminent danger)
A - attack (when officer or others are being attacked)
F - flight
E - excessive-repetition (no voluntary compliance forth coming)
R - revised priorities ( when encounter changes and action required on different response option)
What are the risk catogories?
High risk
Unknown risk
What physiological changes happen before someone is about to fight?
Additional strength Increase pain threshold General. Muscle tigtness Tunnel vision Auditory exclusion Post incident fatigue Cognitive dissonance
What are examples of warning signs?
Direct eye contact Head back Stands tall Kicking the ground Large movements Breathing accelerates Stop/start behaviour
What are danger signs?
Fists clench and unclench Lips tighten over lips Head drops back to protect throat Eyebrows drop to protect eyes Hands raised Shoulders tense
What are some examples of impact factors?
Strength, age, size Drugs Weapons Numbers Space Escape routes Conditions under foot
What are the levels of profile offender behaviour?
- Compliance - verbal commands obeyed
- Verbal resistance/gestures - verbally refuses to comply exhibits body gestures
- Passive resistance - subject simulates a dead weight
- Active resistance - swallows drugs/runs away
- Assaultive resistance - direct attack
- Serious or aggravated resistance - possibility of serious injury or death.
What are reasonable officer responses to resistance?
- Officer presence - verbal comms
- Tactical communication - give out/take info to the officer advantage
- Control skills - empty hands, holds, baton arm locks, cuffing, leg restraints
- Defensive tactics - use of Cs, baton, handcuffs
- Deadly or lethal force - level of force potentially causing death or serious injury.
What is the chemical name for CS?
2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile
What are the optimum distances for CS?
3ft - 6ft
What solvent is CS in?
Methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK)
What is the propellant in CS?
Nitrogen
How should you deploy your CS?
2 short bursts on target
On what people may CS spray not work?
Serious mental disorders
Influence of drugs or drink
Positive mental mindset
What aftercare should you advise the subject of after CS?
Youve been sprayed Dont rub your eyes Effects are temporary Face into the wind Keep blinking Breathe normally
Can you take CS into prison?
Prison staff mustn’t handle it
Must be stored securely
Must not be taken into confines of the cell
