Osseus Tissue and Skeletal Structure

Question 1

What is the most abundant mineral in the human body?

Answer 1

calcium; 98% deposited in bones

Question 2

axial skeleton

Answer 2

consisting of the bones of limbs and associated bones that connect the limbs to the trunk at the shoulders and pelvis (skull, hyoid, vertebral column, thoracic cage)

Question 3

appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

consisting of the bones of the shoulders and pelvis

Question 4

bone

Answer 4

osseous tissue: one of the supporting connective tissues

Question 5

bone contains distinctive population of cells, such as

Answer 5

osetoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Question 6

Osteoblasts

Answer 6

responsible for production of new bone (osteogenesis)

Question 7

osteocytes

Answer 7

mature bone cell that occupy the lacunae, and directs release of calcium from bone to blood and deposition of calcium salts in the surrounding matrix

Question 8

cranium

Answer 8

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid and ethnoid

Question 9

which bones make up the nasal cavity?

Answer 9

sphenoid and ethnoid bone

Question 10

sinus

Answer 10

hollow cavity in bone (has mucus membranes that can catch bacteria, and also makes bone lighter)

Question 11

sutures

Answer 11

immovable that connect one bone from another (eg, connects parietal bone from occipital bone)

Question 12

sagittal sutures connect

Answer 12

parietal bones to each other

Question 13

fontanelles

Answer 13

allow skulls to be soft (in a baby’s skulls) where sutures will one day be once baby is full grown

Question 14

temporal bones consist of

Answer 14

zygomatic process 
external auditory meatus (ear hole) 
mastoid process
styloid process
mandibular fossa
carotid canals

Question 15

carotid arteries go up through the ____ bone to get to the brain

Answer 15

temporal bones

Question 16

occipital bone

Answer 16

foramen magnum (brainstem comes out of here)
occipital condyle
jugular foramina (hold jugular veins coming out)

Question 17

define condyle

Answer 17

round prominence at the end of a bone

Question 18

define foramina

Answer 18

hole in bone

Question 19

sphenoid bone

Answer 19

• forms part of the inferior portion of the cranium
• connects cranium to facial bones
• has pair of sinuses
• sella turcica (a little well where the pituitary gland is found)
• optic canals
• greater/ lesser wings

LOOKS LIKE A BAT!

Question 20

where is the sphenoid bone located?

Answer 20

behind the eyes

Question 21

ethnoid bone

Answer 21

forms superior portion of nasal cavity

• crista galli
• nasal conchae
• perpendicular plate (makes up bony septum)
• 2 sinuses

Question 22

maxillae

Answer 22

• holds upper teeth
• make up upper jaw
• hard palate (more in the front)
• contain sinuses
• form inferior portion of orbit

Question 23

how many pairs of sinuses do we have in the skull?

Answer 23

4 pairs

Question 24

palatine bones

Answer 24

forms posterior part of the hard palate and floor of orbit

Question 25

cheekbone

Answer 25

zygomatic bone (articulates with zygomatic process of temporal lobes)

Question 26

mandible

Answer 26

- mandibular condyle articulate with mandibular forminae of temporal lobe - lower jaw bone - contains teeth

Question 27

hyoid bone

Answer 27

doesn't articulate to other bones (floating bone) | - helps with talking, swallowing

Question 28

how many bones are there in the vertebral column?

Answer 28

26 bones (24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx)

Question 29

how many cervical vertibrae are there?

Answer 29

7

Question 30

atlas (C1) and axis (C2)

Answer 30

atlas - does not rotate, holds the skill | axis - rotates

Question 31

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 31

12

Question 32

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 32

5

Question 33

what does the sternum conssit of?

Answer 33

- manubrium - body - xiphoid process (important to know for CPR)

Question 34

function of costal cartilage

Answer 34

allows us to expand our thoracic cage

Question 35

vomer and part of the ethnoid bone

Answer 35

makes up the nasal septum

Question 36

mental foramen

Answer 36

hole in mandibular jaw

Question 37

what originates at the zygomatic process?

Answer 37

zygomatic major and minor (smiling action)

Question 38

through which muscles does the brachial plexus pass through?

Answer 38

scalene anterior scalene medius scalene posterior

Question 39

what passes through foramen rotundum?

Answer 39

maxillary nerve

Question 40

what passes through foramen lacerum?

Answer 40

carotid artery

Question 41

what passes through foramen spinosum?

Answer 41

the third branch of the first portion of the maxillary artery, one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.

Question 42

what goes through the transverse foramen?

Answer 42

vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves can pass