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Bones > Osseus Tissue and Skeletal Structure > Flashcards

Osseus Tissue and Skeletal Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the human body?

A

calcium; 98% deposited in bones

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

consisting of the bones of limbs and associated bones that connect the limbs to the trunk at the shoulders and pelvis (skull, hyoid, vertebral column, thoracic cage)

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3
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

consisting of the bones of the shoulders and pelvis

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4
Q

bone

A

osseous tissue: one of the supporting connective tissues

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5
Q

bone contains distinctive population of cells, such as

A

osetoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

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6
Q

Osteoblasts

A

responsible for production of new bone (osteogenesis)

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7
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cell that occupy the lacunae, and directs release of calcium from bone to blood and deposition of calcium salts in the surrounding matrix

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8
Q

cranium

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid and ethnoid

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9
Q

which bones make up the nasal cavity?

A

sphenoid and ethnoid bone

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10
Q

sinus

A

hollow cavity in bone (has mucus membranes that can catch bacteria, and also makes bone lighter)

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11
Q

sutures

A

immovable that connect one bone from another (eg, connects parietal bone from occipital bone)

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12
Q

sagittal sutures connect

A

parietal bones to each other

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13
Q

fontanelles

A

allow skulls to be soft (in a baby’s skulls) where sutures will one day be once baby is full grown

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14
Q

temporal bones consist of

A 
zygomatic process 
external auditory meatus (ear hole) 
mastoid process
styloid process
mandibular fossa
carotid canals
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15
Q

carotid arteries go up through the ____ bone to get to the brain

A

temporal bones

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16
Q

occipital bone

A 
foramen magnum (brainstem comes out of here)
occipital condyle
jugular foramina (hold jugular veins coming out)
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17
Q

define condyle

A

round prominence at the end of a bone

18
Q

define foramina

A

hole in bone

19
Q

sphenoid bone

A
  • forms part of the inferior portion of the cranium
  • connects cranium to facial bones
  • has pair of sinuses
  • sella turcica (a little well where the pituitary gland is found)
  • optic canals
  • greater/ lesser wings

LOOKS LIKE A BAT!

20
Q

where is the sphenoid bone located?

A

behind the eyes

21
Q

ethnoid bone

A

forms superior portion of nasal cavity

  • crista galli
  • nasal conchae
  • perpendicular plate (makes up bony septum)
  • 2 sinuses
22
Q

maxillae

A
  • holds upper teeth
  • make up upper jaw
  • hard palate (more in the front)
  • contain sinuses
  • form inferior portion of orbit
23
Q

how many pairs of sinuses do we have in the skull?

A

4 pairs

24
Q

palatine bones

A

forms posterior part of the hard palate and floor of orbit

25
Q

cheekbone

A

zygomatic bone (articulates with zygomatic process of temporal lobes)

26
Q

mandible

A
  • mandibular condyle articulate with mandibular forminae of temporal lobe
  • lower jaw bone
  • contains teeth
27
Q

hyoid bone

A

doesn’t articulate to other bones (floating bone)

- helps with talking, swallowing

28
Q

how many bones are there in the vertebral column?

A

26 bones (24 vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx)

29
Q

how many cervical vertibrae are there?

A

7

30
Q

atlas (C1) and axis (C2)

A

atlas - does not rotate, holds the skill

axis - rotates

31
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

32
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

33
Q

what does the sternum conssit of?

A
  • manubrium
  • body
  • xiphoid process (important to know for CPR)
34
Q

function of costal cartilage

A

allows us to expand our thoracic cage

35
Q

vomer and part of the ethnoid bone

A

makes up the nasal septum

36
Q

mental foramen

A

hole in mandibular jaw

37
Q

what originates at the zygomatic process?

A

zygomatic major and minor (smiling action)

38
Q

through which muscles does the brachial plexus pass through?

A

scalene anterior
scalene medius
scalene posterior

39
Q

what passes through foramen rotundum?

A

maxillary nerve

40
Q

what passes through foramen lacerum?

A

carotid artery

41
Q

what passes through foramen spinosum?

A

the third branch of the first portion of the maxillary artery, one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery.

42
Q

what goes through the transverse foramen?

A

vertebral artery, vein and sympathetic nerves can pass

Bones (1 decks)

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