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CCNP > OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) > Flashcards

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) Flashcards

1
Q

What does OSPF stand for?

A

Open Shortest Path First.

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2
Q

What type of routing protocol is OSPF?

A

Link-state routing protocol.

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3
Q

What is an OSPF Router ID?

A

A 32-bit number that uniquely identifies a router in an OSPF network.

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4
Q

What are the OSPF area types?

A

Backbone area (Area 0), Stub area, Totally Stubby area, Not-So-Stubby area (NSSA).

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5
Q

What is the purpose of an OSPF Hello packet?

A

To discover and maintain neighbor relationships.

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6
Q

How often are OSPF Hello packets sent by default?

A

Every 10 seconds on broadcast and point-to-point links.

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7
Q

What are the OSPF states?

A

Down, Init, Two-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, Full.

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8
Q

At which state do OSPF routers start exchanging link-state information?

A

Exchange state.

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9
Q

What are the different OSPF network types?

A

Broadcast, Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA), Point-to-Point, Point-to-Multipoint.

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10
Q

Which OSPF network type elects a Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR)?

A

Broadcast and NBMA.

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11
Q

What metric does OSPF use to calculate the best path?

A

Cost, which is based on the bandwidth of the links.

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12
Q

What is the default OSPF dead interval?

A

40 seconds on broadcast and point-to-point links.

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13
Q

What is the backbone area in OSPF?

A

Area 0, which is the central area to which all other areas must connect.

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14
Q

What are the different types of OSPF LSAs (Link-State Advertisements)?

A

Type 1 (Router LSA), Type 2 (Network LSA), Type 3 (Summary LSA), Type 4 (ASBR Summary LSA), Type 5 (External LSA), Type 7 (NSSA LSA).

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15
Q

What is the role of the Designated Router (DR) in OSPF?

A

To reduce the number of adjacencies and LSA exchanges on multi-access networks.

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16
Q

How is the Designated Router (DR) elected in OSPF?

A

Based on the highest OSPF priority, with ties broken by the highest Router ID.

17
Q

What types of authentication does OSPF support?

A

Null, Plaintext, and MD5 authentication.

18
Q

What is OSPF Virtual Link?

A

A logical connection used to connect an OSPF area to the backbone area if direct connectivity is not possible.

19
Q

What is OSPF Route Summarization?

A

The process of consolidating multiple OSPF routes into a single summary route to reduce the size of the routing table.

20
Q

What is a Type 1 LSA?

A

Router LSA. Generated by each router to describe its own links and states. Confined to the originating area.

21
Q

What is a Type 2 LSA?

A

Network LSA. Generated by the Designated Router to describe the routers attached to a multi-access network. Confined to the originating area.

22
Q

What is a Type 4 LSA?

A

ASBR Summary LSA. Generated by ABRs to advertise the presence of an Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) to other areas.

23
Q

What is a Type 3 LSA?

A

Summary LSA. Generated by Area Border Routers (ABRs) to advertise networks from one area to another.

24
Q

What is a Type 5 LSA?

A

External LSA. Generated by ASBRs to advertise external routes (routes to destinations outside the OSPF autonomous system) throughout the entire OSPF domain.

25
Q

What is a Type 7 LSA?

A

NSSA LSA. Generated in Not-So-Stubby Areas (NSSAs) by ASBRs to describe external routes. Translated to Type 5 LSAs by ABRs when exiting the NSSA.

26
Q

Which LSAs are confined to the originating area?

A

Type 1 (Router LSA) and Type 2 (Network LSA).

27
Q

Which LSAs are used to share information between OSPF areas?

A

Type 3 (Summary LSA) and Type 4 (ASBR Summary LSA).

28
Q

Which LSA is generated by ASBRs to advertise external routes?

A

Type 5 (External LSA).

29
Q

What is the function of Type 7 LSAs in OSPF?

A

Generated in NSSAs by ASBRs to describe external routes and translated to Type 5 LSAs by ABRs when exiting the NSSA.

CCNP (2 decks)

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