OSPEs

Question 1

Answer 1

Loose connective tissue

Question 2

Answer 2

Adipose tissue

Question 3

Answer 3

Bone

• main structural unit = Haversian system

Question 4

Answer 4

Tight junction (EM)

Question 5

Answer 5

Desmosome

Question 6

Answer 6

Learn them things

Question 7

Answer 7

Simple columnar epithelium

• tall columnar cells with basal nuclei
• single cell layer
• elongated nuclei
• SI + stomach

Question 8

Answer 8

Goblet cells
- secretion of mucous

Question 9

Answer 9

Simple cuboidal epithelium
- Polygonal shape cells
- Central round nuclei

• Collecting tubules of kidney
• Salivary gland
• Pancreas

Question 10

Answer 10

Simple tubular gland

Question 11

Answer 11

Transitional epithelium
- X = umbrella sells
- prevents leaking of urine

• Bladder, ureter

Question 12

Answer 12

A = pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
B = Stratified column epithelium

Differentiation: cilia are never present on just stratified epithelium

X = cilia

Question 13

Answer 13

A = smooth muscle
B = Cardiac muscle
- smooth muscles are spindle shaped + unbranched [bladder wall]
- cardiac muscles are short cylindrical shaped + branched [heart]

X = nucleus
Y = intercalated disc

Question 14

Answer 14

Machine for cryostat sectioning
- preservation of cell density and tissue architecture

Question 15

Answer 15

Microtome
- slices the paraffin embedded specimen so light can go through

Question 16

Answer 16

Compound light microscope

Stains used:
- hematoxylin
- eosin (H&E stain)

Question 17

Answer 17

A = telocentric
B = arcocentric
C = submetacentric
D = metacentric

1 = centromere
2 = P arm
3 = Q arm

Question 18

Answer 18

A = Down syndrome / trisomy 21
- presence of 3 copies of 21st chromosome
- epicanthic eye fold
- protruding tongue
- small ears

• B = Turner’s syndrome
• C = Klinefelter’s syndrome

Karyographs

Question 19

Answer 19

C = monozygotic twinning ( from A)

• resemble each other
• always have same sex
• similar genetic constitution

Question 20

Answer 20

A = prophase
B = anaphase
C = metaphase
D = telophase

Question 21

Answer 21

1 = mesoderm
2 = notochord
3 = ectoderm
4 = endoderm

Question 22

Answer 22

A = polydactyly
B = syndactyly
C = ectrodactyly

Question 23

Answer 23

A = amelia (complete absence of limb)
B = meromelia

Question 24

Answer 24

I) Down’s syndrome (trisomy in 21st chromosome)
II) Patau syndrome (trisomy in 13th chromosome)
II) Edward syndrome (trisomy in 18th chromosome)

Question 25

Answer 25

Spina bifida - abnormal closure of neural folds in the 3rd and 4th weeks of development - folic acid deficiency

Question 26

Answer 26

Brown adipose tissue

Question 27

Answer 27

Endothelium (Simple squamous)

Question 28

Answer 28

Lung tissue (lining alveoli) [Simple squamous]

Question 29

Answer 29

Bowman's capsule of nephron [simple squamous]

Question 30

Answer 30

DCT & PCT of nephron - PCT has microvilli [simple cuboidal]

Question 31

Answer 31

Thyroid follicles [Simple cuboidal]

Question 32

Answer 32

Duodenum (w/ microvilli & goblet cells) [Simple columnar]

Question 33

Answer 33

Skin (keratinising) [Stratified squamous]

Question 34

Answer 34

Oesophagus (non-keratinising) [stratified squamous]

Question 35

Answer 35

Parotid gland [stratified columnar/cuboidal]

Question 36

Answer 36

Simple tubular - fundus of stomach - glands of colon

Question 37

Answer 37

Simple branched tubular - pylorus of stomach

Question 38

Answer 38

Simple coiled tubular - sweat glands

Question 39

Answer 39

Simple acinar - penile urethra

Question 40

Answer 40

Simple branched acinar - sebaceous glands

Question 41

Answer 41

Compound branched tubular - brunner's glands (duodenum)

Question 42

Answer 42

Compound tubuloacinar - prostate, salivary

Question 43

Answer 43

Compound acinar - pancreas, mammary gland

Question 44

Answer 44

Parotid gland

Question 45

Answer 45

Sublingual gland

Question 46

Answer 46

Submandibular gland