Ososbowsc Flashcards
What is the Five Factor Model (PMO)?
A theory that personality consists of five traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
What is locus of control?
Belief in the control one has over their life; an external locus of control means believing that outcomes are beyond one’s control, while an internal locus means believing one controls the outcomes.
What is self-efficacy?
The belief in one’s own abilities.
What is projection?
A defense mechanism where an individual attributes their unacceptable impulses or behaviors to others.
What is displacement?
A defense mechanism where inappropriate impulses or behaviors are redirected to a more acceptable or less threatening object.
What is analytical psychology?
Jung’s theory focusing on the balance of opposing forces within the personality and the significance of the collective unconscious.
What is individual psychology?
A school of psychology founded by Adler, focusing on the human drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority.
What is rationalization?
A defense mechanism where an individual justifies their behavior in times of distress.
What is reaction formation?
A defense mechanism where an individual transforms unacceptable impulses or behaviors into their opposites.
What is regression?
A defense mechanism where an individual reverts to earlier, more immature behaviors in times of distress.
What is the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT)?
A theory proposed by Jan Strelau; temperament regulates behavior in energetic and emotional aspects.
What is repression?
A defense mechanism where thoughts and memories related to distressing experiences are pushed into the subconscious.
What is congruence?
A state where the ideal self-image closely aligns with the real self-image.
What is sublimation?
A defense mechanism where unacceptable impulses are redirected towards more acceptable activities.
What is the superego?
The moral aspect of personality reflecting social norms and acting as a moral compass.
What is consciousness?
The state of being aware of one’s thoughts, feelings, and memories at any given moment.
What is temperament?
The way an individual reacts to the world; it includes levels of activity from early childhood.
What is social-cognitive theory?
A personality theory emphasizing that both perception and learning are sources of individual differences in human personality.
What is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?
A projective test where individuals are shown ambiguous images and asked to create stories; the aim is to reveal unconscious desires, fears, and issues.
What is the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)?
Similar to a word association test; the participant completes sentences to reveal their unconscious desires, fears, and issues.
What is a projective test?
An assessment of personality where an individual responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.
What is the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
A projective test using a series of symmetrical inkblots presented to the participant; its use is not recommended due to low precision of results.
