Osmosis, diffusion and active transport Flashcards
Diffusion
The net movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration across a partially permeable membrane.
Osmosis
The net movement of water molecules from high water concentration to low water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Active transport
The movement of particles from low concentration to high concentration with the help of carrier proteins using energy from respiration.
Selectively permeable membrane
A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but restricts other molecules.
Diffusion gradient
The difference in concentration between two sides of a membrane.
Passive transport
Cell transport that doesn’t require energy to happen.
Tonicity
The ability of a solution to make water move into it by osmosis.
Hypotonic
The water concentration out of the cell is higher than the water concentration inside the cell.
Hypertonic
The water concentration outside the cell is lower than the water concentration inside the cell.
Isotonic
The water concentration inside and outside is the same.
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate is the molecular currency of energy in cells.
Carrier proteins
Protein channels in the cell membrane that help active transport ions.
Respiration
A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose.
Turgid
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic, water enters the cell and it swells.
Plasmolysis
When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, it shrinks and dies.
