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Biology > Osmosis, Diffusion, Active Transport > Flashcards

Osmosis, Diffusion, Active Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Why can’t plant cells burst

A

Because they have cell walls

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2
Q

What is the concentration gradient of Osmosis

A

High water potential to Low water potential

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3
Q

What is osmosis

A

The overall movement of water molecules from a high to low water potential across a semi permeable membrane

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4
Q

What are the small dots

A

Water molecules

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5
Q

What are the bigger dots

A

Sugar molecules

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6
Q

What is the word to describe an plant cell which pressure has increased

A

Turgor pressure to then turgid

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7
Q

What do plants do when there cells have become flaccid ( due to a lack of turgor pressure )

A

They wilt

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8
Q

What happens when there is a decrease in turgor pressure in a plant cell

A

It becomes plasmalysed

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9
Q

Why does a plant cell become turgid and why does a plant cell become flaccid or plasmalysed

A

It becomes turgid Because the plant cell has a LOWER water potential than the solution it is in and vis Verda for when it becomes flaccid or plasmalysed

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10
Q

What happens when the solution has the same water potential as the the plant cell

A

The cell remains the same

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11
Q

When the water potential in the solution is higher than a red blood cell what happens to it

A

It swells and may burst. This is called lysis

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12
Q

What happens when then water potential in the solution is lower than the cell

A

It crinkles up/ it becomes crenated

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13
Q

What is active transport

A

Is the net movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. A protein carrier in the membrane carries the molecules across

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14
Q

What does active transport allow cells to do

A

It allows cell to move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

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15
Q

What does active transport require

A

ATP ( energy )

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16
Q

When concentration gradient does active transport move in

A

Low to high concentration

17
Q

How does it work

A
  1. ) a potassium particle attaches to the carrier protein
  2. ) the carrier protein uses energy to change shape
  3. ) the potassium particle moves inside the the cell
18
Q

Fact

A

Active transport pumps particles against a concentration gradient

19
Q

What part of the cell produces ATP

A

Mitochondria

20
Q

What are 2 plant cells

A

Pallaside cells and Root hair cells

21
Q

What helps replace, repair, grow, asexual reproduction

A

Mitosis

22
Q

What must happen before a cell divides

A

DNA must replicate

23
Q

How do they divide

A

Mitosis

24
Q

What type of organism Differentiates

A

Multicellular organisms

25
Q

What is the function of pallaside cells

A

Photosynthesis

26
Q

How have palisade cells been specialised

A
  1. ) near surface of leaf
  2. ) packed full of chloroplast
  3. ) keeps regular shape
27
Q

How have root hair cells been specialised

A

Larger surface area so that they can get more nutrients from the soil

28
Q

What happens when a cell is specialised

A

It’s structure changes so that it is better adapted to perform its function

29
Q

What is an alternative option instead of using embryonic stem cells

A

Adult stem cells from bone marrow

30
Q

What can Embryonic stem cells do

A

They can change into anything whereas adult stem cells can only change into few different types of cell

31
Q

Where are stem cells found in plants

A

Meristem cells which have a thinner wall so they can divide. These are found in ; shoots or flowers, root tip.

32
Q

Why do meristems divide

A

To make the stem thicker

33
Q

Why can’t differentiated plant cells divide

A

Thick cell wall

34
Q

Cell division steps

A
  1. ) 2 strands separate
  2. ) this exposes the bases ( A,C,G,T)
  3. ) free nucleotides line up using the base pairing rules
  4. ) the nucleotides are joined into 2 new strands of DNA
35
Q

What is mitosis

A

A form of cell division

36
Q

Mitosis steps

A
  1. ) DNA is replicated
  2. ) Chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell
  3. ) the replicated double chromosomes ( still one though ) split.
  4. ) the nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes
  5. ) then you have 2 new genetically identical “daughter” cells
37
Q

What is the definition of diffusion

A

The net movement of anything generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

Biology (2 decks)

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