osmosis Flashcards

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1
Q

define osmosis

A

the net movement of water molecules from a region of high water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane

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2
Q

what is water potential

A

the tendency of water molecules in a system to move

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3
Q

how does solutes affect the water potential

A

the amount of solutes
the greater the amount of solutes, the lower the water potential
water molecules bind to the solute molecules, reducing the number of water molecules that are free to diffuse

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4
Q

define hydrostatic pressure

A

a pressure that a fluid exerts when pushed against a membrane/container

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5
Q

what happens to animal cells in higher water potential

A

cell surface membranes cannot stretch to withstand increased pressure
burst [cytolysis]

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6
Q

what happens to animal cells in lower water potential

A

cell will lose water
crenation

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7
Q

define hypertonic

A

sol that is more concentrated, lower water potential

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8
Q

define isotonic

A

sol that has the same concentration, same water potential

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9
Q

define hypotonic

A

sol that is less concentrated, higher water potential

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10
Q

what is the pressure against cell wall called

A

turgor

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11
Q

what happens to the plant cell when turgor pressure changes

A

increase = resists entry of further water into the cell, cell becomes turgid
decrease = water is lost by osmosis, cell become plasmolysed

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12
Q

define plasmolysis

A

the protoplast pulls away from the cell wall

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13
Q

what happens to plant cell when placed in hypertonic solution

A

net movement of water by osmosis is out of the cell, protoplast shrinks
protoplast pulled completely away from the cell wall and the cell is fully plasmolysed {flaccid}

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14
Q

what happens to plant cells when being placed in an isotonic solution

A

cells displays incipient plasmolysis, membrane os just beginning to pull away from to the cell wall
no net movement of water, no pressure potential, protoplast ceases to press against the cell wall

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15
Q

what happens to plant cells in hypotonic solution

A

the net movement of water by osmosis is into the cell, protoplast swells and presses against the cell wall
cell is fully turgid

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