Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical physiology I > Osmosis > Flashcards

Osmosis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the size of distilled water?

A

Distilled water is 55.55 molar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does solutes affect water molecules?

A

Solute molecules displace water molecules and decrease water concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is osmole?

A
  • It refers to the number of osmotically active particles in a solution.
  • For example: 1 mole of NaCl dissociate into 2 osmoles
    1 mole of glucose dissociate into 1 osmole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

It is the number of osmoles per liter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is osmolality?

A

It is the number of osmoles per kilogram.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is osmole usually expressed?

A

Physiological concentration are usually expressed as millimoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is osmosis?

A

It is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane down its concentration gradient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a semipermeable membrane?

A

It a membrane permeable to water but not solutes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

It is created by the difference in the concentration of impermeable substances across a semipermeable membrane.
- It is the pressure necessary to stop water movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of property is osmotic pressure?

A

It is a colligative property because it depends on the number of solute present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is the degree of ionization must be considered?

A

Because osmotic pressure depends on the number of solute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are other colligative properties?

A

They are freezing point depression, vapor pressure depression and boiling point elevation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What factors determine osmotic pressure?

A

Osmotic pressure is directly proportionate with the number of particles formed by dissociation, absolute temperature and molar concentration of solute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give the van Hoff’s law of osmotic pressure.

A

TT=RTnc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At what condition does van Hoff’s law work best?

A

It works best at very low solute concentration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens to van Hoff’s law at physiological condition?

A

At physiological condition and in protein-containing solutions, there is a great deal of deviation.

17
Q

What are isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solution?

A
  • Solutions of equal osmotic pressure is isosmotic
  • A solution with higher osmotic strength than another is hyperosmotic
  • A solution with lower osmotic strength than another is hypoosmotic.
18
Q

What does cell volume represent?

A

It represents the concentration of solutes in the extracellular solution compared with the intracellular solution.

19
Q

What is tonicity of a solution?

A

Tonicity of a solution represents its ability to influence the volume of cells immersed in it.

20
Q

What effect do isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions have?

A
  • Isotonic solution produces no change in cell volume
  • Hypertonic solutions cause cells to shrink (crenate)
  • Hypotonic solutions cause cells to swell or burst (lyse)
21
Q

Describe the effect of permeant solutes.

A

The addition of permeant solute produces transient changes in cell volume since permeant solute eventually equilibrate across the membrane.

22
Q

What happens when a cell is placed in a solution with only permeant solutes?

A

The cell will burst because the permeant solute will equilibrate but the cell is filled with osmoles and water will rush in causing lysis.

23
Q

What is reflection coefficient?

A

It is a measure of the permeability of a membrane to a solute.

24
Q

What is the range of reflection coefficient?

A
  • Permeable solute: 0 -> effective osmotic pressure is 0

- Impermeable solutes: 1 -> effective osmotic pressure is maximum.

25
Q

What happens when reflection coefficient approaches 0?

A
  • At 1 ->maximum osmotic flow -> maximum osmotic pressure.

- Approach 0 -> decreasing osmotic flow -> decreasing osmotic pressure.

26
Q

Give the equation for effective osmotic pressure.

A

TT= 6RTnc

27
Q

How do cells response to changes in tonicity?

A
  • Increase volume

- Degrease volume

28
Q

What is regulatory volume increase?

A

Activated by shrinkage caused by hypertonic solution

  • Acute response
  • Chronic response
29
Q

Explain acute response of regulatory volume increase.

A
  • sec - min

- Increase KCl

30
Q

Explain chronic response of regulatory volume increase.

A
  • Production of impermeable organic solutes (idiogenic osmoles)
  • Sorbitol or inositol
31
Q

Where is regulatory volume increase popular?

A

Active in oligodendrocytes

32
Q

Example of chronic regulatory volume increase.

A

Shrinkage -> produce aldose reductase catalyzes sorbitol production from glucose

33
Q

What happens when chronic hypertonicity is corected too quickly?

A
  • Cause brain edema or death cause it’s slow reducing idiogenic osmoles.

Medical physiology I (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions