Osmolarity, Homeostasis, and Fluid Compartments

Question 1

What is the internal environment of the body?

Answer 1

Extracellular Fluod

Question 2

What are the fluid compartments of the body (and L in each)?

Answer 2

Intracellular - 28L
Extra Cellular - 14L

Question 3

What 2 things make up ECF?

Answer 3

Plamsa (3 L)
Interstitial (11 L)

Question 4

Physiology is the biological science that is most concerned with which of the following characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 4

Function

Question 5

A tissue is an aggregate of similar, differentiated:

Answer 5

Cell

Question 6

When a physiologist refers to the internal environment of the body to what are they referring?

A. Fluid inside the cells

B. Fluid in the cardiovascular system

C. Fluid in between the cells

D. ECF

Answer 6

B, C, D

Question 7

Which fluid compartment is larger, the extracellular fluid compartment or the intracellular fluid compartment?

Answer 7

Intracellular

Question 8

Define Homeostasis

Answer 8

The body’s ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition even though the outside world changes continuously

Question 9

Define Dynamic state of balance:

Answer 9

internal conditions vary, but within relatively narrow limits.

Question 10

What are the defining features of Homeostatic control systems?

Answer 10

• Set Point
• Range
• Hierarchy of Importance
• NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Question 11

What is considered a HYPOtensive BP?

Answer 11

reading of around 90/60, or less

Question 12

What is a typical/norm BP?

Answer 12

120/80 mmHg

Question 13

What is HYPERtensive BP?

Answer 13

blood pressure above 140/90, and is considered severe if the pressure is above 180/120.

Question 14

A patient is HYPOtensive, comatosed, and has severe diarrhea. Predict the patients body water (fluid) status

Answer 14

LOW

Question 15

With diarrhea what fluid compartment experiences a loss of volume?

Answer 15

Extracellular (plasma)

Question 16

What is the relationship between blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume?

Answer 16

Proportional

Question 17

What is the connection/relationship between hypovolemia, hypotension and Mrs. Smith’s comatose state?

Answer 17

Low volume = led to hypotension b/c pressure & volume are proportional

Question 18

What would you expect Mrs. Smith’s heart rate to be (H, L, N)? Why?

Answer 18

L - Hypotensive

Question 19

What would you expect Mrs. Smith’s urine output to be(H, L, N)? Why?

Answer 19

L - ADH is conserving water

Question 20

What is physiologically isotonic?

Answer 20

280-300 mosmoles/L

Question 21

What is the most abdundant ion and nonpenetrating solute (that has greatest influence on osmolarity)

Answer 21

Na+

Question 22

What happens to a cell in hypertonic solution?

Answer 22

Cell Shrinks

Question 23

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

Answer 23

Cell swells

Question 24

What type of fluid loss is Diarrhea?

Answer 24

Isotonic fluid loss

Question 25

What does ADH do?

Answer 25

increases water conservation by the kidney

Question 26

What does ADH do to blood plasma?

Answer 26

Dilutes it