Osmolarity and Tonicity Flashcards
Define Osmolarity and Tonicity?
Osmolarity= The total concentration of all solute particles
Tonicity= the total concentration of just non penetrating solute particles
Which way will water flow in a solution?
from a solution with low solute to a solution with high solute
What is a hypertonic solution?
Higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell
What is a hypotonic solution?
Higher concentration of solutes inside of the cell
What is an isotonic solution?
Equal concentration of solutes inside and outside of the cell
What is an hyperosmotic solution?
the solution with a greater concentration of solute
What is a hypoosmotic solution?
The solution with a lower concentration of solute
What is a isoosmotic solution?
when two solutions have equal concentration of solutes
What is diffusion due to (in physics)?
Random thermal motion of molecules, similar to motion in a gas. Higher temperature (causing more thermal motion) leads to faster diffusion
What does diffusion transport biologically?
O2 and CO2
How does the concentration gradient effect diffusion?
diffusion occurs from an area of high to low concentration
What is the formula for the average distance a molecule moves?
x = sqroot(2Dt)
What is Fick’s law?
The number of molecules per second crossing area A (J) or the rate of diffusion is subject to the size of difference in concentration per unit distance
J= DA X (c1-c2/L)
What is partial pressure?
The pressure of different constituents in the fluid
Most fluids contain a mixture of different molecules and with regards to pressure each constituent in the fluid behaves as if it were the only substance present
What is the total pressure formula?
total P = sum of all partial pressures
What is pressure proportional to?
the number of moles/molecules
What is Avogadro’s number?
1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 mol
What is the osmotic concentration?
The number of moles of solute particles per litre of solution
What is the osmole? what does the osmotic ratio depend on?
The osmole is an SI unit defining the number of moles of particles that determine osmotic pressure
- the ratio depends on the factor of solute dissociation
How does osmosis affect partial pressure?
Initially , total pressure is the same on both sides, and osmosis equalises this pressure
What is tonicity?
A measure of the osmotic pressure gradient
How does Haemodialysis occur?
- Patients blood is passed through a tube to a semipermeable membrane (dialyser), that filters out waste products
- The cleansed blood is then returned back to the body via an automated process
