Osmolarity and Tonicity

Question 1

Define Osmolarity and Tonicity?

Answer 1

Osmolarity= The total concentration of all solute particles

Tonicity= the total concentration of just non penetrating solute particles

Question 2

Which way will water flow in a solution?

Answer 2

from a solution with low solute to a solution with high solute

Question 3

What is a hypertonic solution?

Answer 3

Higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell

Question 4

What is a hypotonic solution?

Answer 4

Higher concentration of solutes inside of the cell

Question 5

What is an isotonic solution?

Answer 5

Equal concentration of solutes inside and outside of the cell

Question 6

What is an hyperosmotic solution?

Answer 6

the solution with a greater concentration of solute

Question 7

What is a hypoosmotic solution?

Answer 7

The solution with a lower concentration of solute

Question 8

What is a isoosmotic solution?

Answer 8

when two solutions have equal concentration of solutes

Question 9

What is diffusion due to (in physics)?

Answer 9

Random thermal motion of molecules, similar to motion in a gas. Higher temperature (causing more thermal motion) leads to faster diffusion

Question 10

What does diffusion transport biologically?

Answer 10

O2 and CO2

Question 11

How does the concentration gradient effect diffusion?

Answer 11

diffusion occurs from an area of high to low concentration

Question 12

What is the formula for the average distance a molecule moves?

Answer 12

x = sqroot(2Dt)

Question 13

What is Fick’s law?

Answer 13

The number of molecules per second crossing area A (J) or the rate of diffusion is subject to the size of difference in concentration per unit distance

J= DA X (c1-c2/L)

Question 14

What is partial pressure?

Answer 14

The pressure of different constituents in the fluid
Most fluids contain a mixture of different molecules and with regards to pressure each constituent in the fluid behaves as if it were the only substance present

Question 15

What is the total pressure formula?

Answer 15

total P = sum of all partial pressures

Question 16

What is pressure proportional to?

Answer 16

the number of moles/molecules

Question 17

What is Avogadro’s number?

Answer 17

1 mole = 6.022 x 10^23 mol

Question 18

What is the osmotic concentration?

Answer 18

The number of moles of solute particles per litre of solution

Question 19

What is the osmole? what does the osmotic ratio depend on?

Answer 19

The osmole is an SI unit defining the number of moles of particles that determine osmotic pressure

• the ratio depends on the factor of solute dissociation

Question 20

How does osmosis affect partial pressure?

Answer 20

Initially , total pressure is the same on both sides, and osmosis equalises this pressure

Question 21

What is tonicity?

Answer 21

A measure of the osmotic pressure gradient

Question 22

How does Haemodialysis occur?

Answer 22

• Patients blood is passed through a tube to a semipermeable membrane (dialyser), that filters out waste products
• The cleansed blood is then returned back to the body via an automated process