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OSI Model and Diagrams Flashcards

0
Q

What are the protocol(s) of the Application Layer?

A

POP3, SMTP, SNMP, FTP, Telnet, HTTP, MIME, PGP (app), S/MIME (app), HTTPS (app), DNS, DHCP

POP3 - Post Office Protocol version 3
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
MIME - Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
DNS - Domain Name Service
DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

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1
Q

What are the OSI Model Layers?

A 
Application (7)
Presentation (6)
Session (5)
Transport (4)
Network (3)
Data Link (2)
Physical (1)
Top-Bottom:  "All People Seem To Need Data Processing"
Bottom-Top:  "People Don't Need To See Pink Alligators"
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2
Q

What are the protocol(s) of the Presentation Layer?

A

GIF, TIFF, JPG, character encoding (ASCII, UNICODE, EBCDIC)

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3
Q

What are the protocols(s) of the Session Layer?

A

NFS, SQL, NetBIOS, PPTP, RPC, RTCP

NFS - UNIX stateless Network File System
SQL - Structured Query Language
PPTP - Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
RPC - Remote Procedure Call
RTCP - RTP (Real-time Transport Protocol) Control Protocol
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4
Q

What are the protocols(s) of the Transport Layer?

A

TCP, UDP

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
UDP - User Datagram Protocol

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5
Q

What are the protocols(s) of the Network Layer?

A

IP, ICMP, IGMP, OSPF

IP - Internet Protocol
ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol
IGMP - Internet Group Management Protocol
OSPF - Open Shortest Path First

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6
Q

What are the protocols(s) of the Data Link Layer?

A

ARP, SLIP, PPP, L2TP, Ethernet, ISDN, Wi-Fi

ARP - Address Resolution Protocol
SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol
PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol
L2TP - Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
ISDN - Internet Services for Digital Network
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7
Q

What are the protocols(s) of the Physical Layer?

A

Pinouts, voltages, cables, antennas, radio waves

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8
Q

What are the encryption(s) of the Transport Layer?

A

SSL2, SSL3, TLS (therefore the encryption in support of HTTPS, POP3S, FTPS)

SSL - Secure Socket Layer
TLS - Transport Layer Security

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9
Q

What are the encryption(s) of the Data Link Layer?

A

WEP, TKIP, CCMP

WEP - Wire Equivalent Privacy
TKIP - Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
CCMP - Counter-Mode/CBC-MAC Protocol

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10
Q

What are the encryption(s) of the Network layer?

A

IPSec Transport ESP
IPSec Tunnel ESP

(RC5, DES, AES)

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11
Q

What are the SW/HW of the Application Layer?

A

SW: Gateways and Proxies

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11
Q

What are the encryption(s) of the Presentation Layer?

A

SSH (therefore, the encryption in support of S-FTP, S-HTTP, PGP, S/MIME)

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11
Q

What are the encryption(s) of the Network layer?

A

IPSec Transport ESP
IPSec Tunnel ESP

(RC5, DES, AES)

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12
Q

What are the SW/HW of the Network Layer?

A

HW: Router

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13
Q

What are the SW/HW of the Data Link Layer?

A

HW: Bridge, L2 Switch

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14
Q

What are the SW/HW of the Physical Layer?

A

HW: Hub, repeater

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15
Q

What is the firewall of the Application, Presentation, and Session Layer?

A

Proxy Firewall

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16
Q

What is the firewall of the Session and Transport Layer?

A

Circuit (SOCKS) Firewall

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17
Q

What is the firewall of the Network Layer?

A

Packet Filter Firewall

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18
Q

What is the TCP/IP Model of the Application, Presentation, and Session Layer?

A

APPLICATION

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19
Q

What is the TCP/IP Model of the Session and Transport Layer?

A

HOST-TO-HOST (Transport)

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20
Q

What is the TCP/IP Model of the Network Layer?

A

INTERNET (Internetwork)

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21
Q

What is the TCP/IP Model of the Data Link and Physical Layer?

A

NETWORK ACCESS (Network Interface)

22
What are the attacks on the Application Layer?
``` Repudiation Modification Buffer Overflow (at any layer & in the OS) Replay Viruses, Trojan Horse, Spyware Keystroke Logger (software) **the ones above typically occur in the OS, not the stack DNS Spoofing ```
23
What are the attacks on the Session Layer?
Fingerprinting (NetBIOS enumeration)
24
What are the attacks on the Transport Layer?
Session Hijacking TCP Sequences Numbering Fingerprinting (Port Scan, TCP Scans) SYN Flooding
25
What are the attacks on the Network Layer?
``` IP Spoofing Footprinting (Ping Scan) Sniffing (Promiscous) Eavesdropping Ping of Death ICMP Redirection ```
26
What are the attacks on the Data Link Layer?
MAC Spoofing ARP Poisoning Deauthentication Attack
27
What are the attacks on the Physical Layer?
Rogue Devices | Keylogger (HW)
28
What are the bandwidth attacks?
DoS (Smurf, Fraggle, Physical Destruction) | DDoS (Botnets, Zombies)
29
What are the social engineering attacks?
Dumpster diving Shoulder surfing Snooping Eavesdropping
30
What are the modem attacks?
War Dialing Dial-Tone Eavesdropping
31
What are the entry attacks?
Piggybacking | Tailgating
32
What are the discovery attacks?
War driving | Eavesdropping
33
What is Symmetric Encryption used for?
Bulk Encryption
34
What is Asymmetric Encryption used for?
``` Authentication Digital Signatures (non-repudiation) Digital Certificates Key Exchange (KEA/RSA) KSA - Key Exchange Algorithm RSA - Rivest, Shamir, & Adelman) ```
35
What is a Hash used for?
Integrity Digital Signatures (Integrity) Message Authentication Code (MAC) Digital Fingerprint
36
What is an example of a stream cipher (symmetric encryption)?
RC4 (64 bit key size) | One-time pad
37
What are some examples of a block cipher (symmetric encryption)?
DES (Digital Encryption Standard, 56 bit key size) 3DES (Triple DES, 168 bit key size) AES128, AES192, AES256 (Advances Encryption Standard, 128, 192, and 256 bit key size) RC5 and RC6 (up to 2048 bits) Blowfish (64 bit block, 32-448 bit key) Twofish (128 bit block, 128-256 bit key) SAFER+ (bluetooth keys and bluetooth authentication but not encryption) SAFER++ (digital signatures, integrity, and encryption; 64 and 128 bit) IDEA (International Data Encryption Algorithm, 128 bit key, original cipher for PGP)
38
What are some examples of asymmetric encryption (public key)?
``` RSA (Rivest, Shamir, & Adelman) El Gamal (based on discrete logarithms) ECC (Elliptical Curve Cryptosystem) ``` To provide confidentiality with asymmetric cryptography, encrypt with the receiver's PUBLIC key and decrypt with the receiver's PRIVATE key.
39
How do you provide confidentiality with asymmetric cryptography?
To provide confidentiality with asymmetric cryptography, encrypt with the receiver's PUBLIC key and decrypt with the receiver's PRIVATE key. (Authentication, Digital Envelope, and confidential transmission of files)
40
How do you provide non-repudiation with asymmetric cryptography?
To provide non-repudiation with asymmetric cryptography, encrypt with the sender's PRIVATE key and decrypt with the sender's PUBLIC key. (Digital signatures).
41
How do private keys and public keys work?
Private key - held by owner, never shared, confided, or exchanged Public key - made publicly available to everyone Each set of two keys are mathematically related ("key pair"); either can encrypt but ONLY the mated key can decrypt. The public key can be derived from the private key but the public key CANNOT be used to derive the private key.
42
What are some examples of hash functions?
``` LANMAN (should not be used) NTLM v1, v2 MD5 (Message Digest v5, 128 bit) SHA1 (Secure Hashing Algorithm, 160 bit) SHA2 (family of functions, SHA256, SHA512, etc.) MAC (Message Authentication Code) HMAC (Hashed Message Authentication Code) RIPEMD (160 bit message digest) ```
43
What is the encryption of 802.11?
WEP (RC4) ``` Wired Equivalent Privacy Rivest Cipher (?) ```
44
What is the encryption of WPA?
TKIP (RC4) Temporal Key Integrity Protocol Rivest Cipher (?) Wi-Fi Protected Access
45
What is the encryption of WPA2?
CCMP (AES) Counter-Mode/CBC-MAC Protocol Advanced Encryption Standard Wi-Fi Protected Access
46
What is the authentication of 802.11?
Shared Key (CHAP) Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
47
What is the authentication of WPA?
Pre-Shared Key (personal) 802.1X/EAP (enterprise) Extensible Authentication Protocol Wi-Fi Protected Access
48
What is the authentication of WPA2?
Pre-Shared Key (personal) 802.1X/EAP (enterprise) Extensible Authentication Protocol Wi-Fi Protected Access
49
What is the encryption of IPSec ESP (OSI L3)?
RC5, DES, AES Rivest Cipher Digital Encryption Standard Advanced Encryption Standard
50
What is the encryption of SSL/TLS (OSI L4)?
3DES, AES ``` Triple DES (Digital Encryption Standard) Advanced Encryption Standard ```
51
What is the encryption of SSH (OSI L6/L7)?
3DES, AES ``` Triple DES (Digital Encryption Standard) Advanced Encryption Standard ```
52
What are the hashing functions (MACs) of IPSec ESP (OSI L3), SSL/TLS (OSI L4), and SSH (OSI L6/L7)?
MD5, MAC Message Digest Message Authentication Code
53
What are the authentications of IPSec ESP (OSI L3), SSL/TLS (OSI L4), and SSH (OSI L6/L7)?
Digital Certificates
54
What is the key exchange used by IPSec ESP (OSI L3)?
IKE Internet Key Exchange
55
What are the key exchanges used by SSL/TLS (OSI L4), and SSH (OSI L6/L7)?
Diffie Hellman | RSA (Rivest, Shamir, & Adelman)
56
What are some of the security measures that you can take on a Wireless Access Point?
``` Change the default SSID Disable SSID broadcast Enable MAC filtering Enable WEP, WPA, or WPA2 (preferred) Limit power output (reduce range) ```

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