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Cyber Security > Osi Model > Flashcards

Osi Model Flashcards

1
Q

What is a node?

A

Devices that send,receive,and forward data and the links take the communications pathways between them.

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2
Q

What does OSI model stand for and what is it for?

A

Open Systems Interconnection, to show and create an understanding of how components in a network system work. It’s a guide for designing network protocols, software, appliances, and for troubleshooting.

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3
Q

What are the 7 layers of the OSI model?

A
  1. Physical
    2.datalink
    3.network
    4.transport
    5.session
    6.presentation
    7.application
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4
Q

What is a network protocol?

A

Set of rules for exchanging data in a structured format.

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5
Q

What is addressing?

A

Describes where data messages should go. Each layer has different mechanisms for identifying nodes and rule for how they can send or receive messages.

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6
Q

What is encapsulation?

A

Describes how data messages should be packaged for transmission. At each layer it adds fields in a header to whatever data [payload] it receives from an application or other protocol.

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7
Q

At each layer, how many nodes do you need to communicate?

A

2 and they need to run the same protocol

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8
Q

What is it described as when 2 nodes communicate with each other at the same layer?

A

Same layer interaction

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9
Q

To transmit or receive communication with each node what do each layers need to do?

A

Each layer provides services for layer above and uses the services from the layers below.

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10
Q

What is it referred as when each layer provides services for the layer above and uses the layers services below?

A

Adjacent layer interaction

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11
Q

What does a message do when it’s sent from one node to another?

A
  • travels down the stack of layers on the sending node

-reaches the receiving node using transmission media

-passes up the stack on that node

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12
Q

Which layer doesn’t send a node that adds a header to a data payload?

A

Physical layer

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13
Q

What is it called when a sending node adds a header to a data payload forming a Chunk? What is this process called?

A

PDU - Protocol Data Unit

Process is called Encapsulation

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14
Q

What is an example of Encapsulation?

A

On a sending node, data is generated by an application (like the HyperText Transfer Protocol, HTTP) which will include its own application header.

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15
Q

At the Transport Layer what protocol header is added to its application data?

A

TCP - Transmission Control Protocol

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16
Q

At what layer is the TCP protocol segment wrapped in the IP,Internet Protocol, header?

A

The Network Layer

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17
Q

What layer is the IP packet encapsulated in an Ethernet frame? Then a stream of bits making of the frame transmitted over the network as a modulated electrical signal happens at which layer?

A

Q(1) - Layer 2 : Data Link

Q(2) - layer 1 : Physical

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18
Q

What is it called when stream of bits arrive at the physical layer and then decodes an Ethernet frame; then extracts the IP packet from the frame and resolves the info in the IP header, then does the same for the TCP and application headers, eventually the HTTP application data for processing by a software program, such as ___ ____ or ____ ____?

A

Q(1) - Decapsulation

Q(2) - web browser
web server

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19
Q

What layers is responsible for the transmission and receipt of the signal that represent bits of data from one node to another node? Choose the correct answer.

A

A) Data link layer
B) Application layer
C) Network layer
D) Session Layer
E) Physical Layer CORRECT ANSWER
F) Transport layer

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20
Q

What is a physical conductor that provides between two nodes and is described as a bounded media? Choose the correct answer.

A

A) Wireless

B) Cabled Correct

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21
Q

What uses free space between nodes and is described as an unbounded media? Choose the correct answer.

A

A) Wireless Correct Answer

B) Cabled

22
Q

Example of a cables?

A

Copper or fiber optic cables

23
Q

Example of wireless?

A

Microwave Radio

24
Q

Which of the following is the layout of nodes and links as established by the transmission media?

A

A) Physical Topology CORRECT ANSWER

B) Signaling

C) Physical Interface

25
Q

Is a network divided into segments to cope with the physical restrictions of the network media used, to improve performance or security? TRUE or False

A

True

26
Q

Which of the following is a mechanical specifications for the network medium?

A

A) Signaling

B) Physical Topology

C) Physical Interface CORRECT ANSWER

27
Q

Which of the following is the process of transmitting and receiving encoded data over the network medium?

A

A) Physical Interface

B) Signaling CORRECT ANSWER

C) Physical Topology

28
Q

What devices operate at the PHYSICAL LAYER?

A

Transceiver, Repeater, Hub, Media Converter, and Modem

29
Q

Which layer is responsible for transferring data between nodes on the same logical segment?

A

Data Link

30
Q

What sends and receives info and is referred to as end systems or as host _____?

A

Node for both answers

31
Q

What type of node includes computers, laptops, servers, VoIP (Voice over The IP) phones, smartphones, and printers?

A

End systems or as host nodes

32
Q

The data link layer organizes the stream of bits arriving from which layer into structured units called frames?

A

Physical Layer

33
Q

What devices operate at the Data LInk layer?

A

Network adapter or network interface card (NICs), Bridge, Switch, Wireless access point (AP)

34
Q

Which layer is responsible for moving data around a network of networks also known as internetwork or the internet?

A

A) Network CORRECT ANSWER
B) Physical
C) Transport
D) Datalink
E) session
F) Presentation

35
Q

Which layer is heterogeneous (which means they use a variety of physical layer media and data link protocols)?

A

Network Layer

36
Q

What type of firewall is used at the network layer to filter traffic passing between the networks to enforce an access control list (ACL)?

A

Basic firewall

37
Q

What is the Transport layer also known as?

A

End-to-end or host-to-host

38
Q

What is one of the functions of the Transport layer?

A

Identify each type of network application by assigning it a port number.

39
Q

What devices work at the Transport layer?

A
  • multilayer switch

-firewalls and IDS (intrusion detection systems)

40
Q

Def. The Session layer.

A

Represents functions that administer the process of establishing a dialog, managing data transfer, and then ending the session.

41
Q

What is the Presentation layer?

A

Transforms data between the format required for the network and the format required for the application

42
Q

Ex of the presentation layer.

A

Used for character set conversion, such as between American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) and Unicode.

43
Q

What is the Presentation layer also conceived as?

A

Compression and Encryption

44
Q

What does the Application layer protocol provide?

A

An interface for software programs on network host that have established a communications channel through the lower-level protocols to exchange data.

45
Q

Physical Layer Examples

A

Transceiver, cable, media converter and hub

46
Q

Data link layer example

A

Frame, Mac Address/ EUI, Bridge and Switch

47
Q

Network layer example

A

Datagram, IP address, Basic Firewall, and Router

48
Q

Transport layer example

A

Segment

49
Q

Session, Presentation, and Application layers examples

A
  • Application Protocols: web, email, and file transfer

-Stateful/Application layer security appliance

  • Multilayer Switch
50
Q

What is a LAN?

A

Local Area Network - residential networks with a couple of computers and an enterprise network with hundreds of servers and thousands of networks.

51
Q

What is a SOHO?

A

Small office/home office - A small LAN with small number of computing hosts that rely on integrated appliance for local and internet connectivity.

52
Q

What is WAN?

A

Wide Area Network - internet that are located in different geographic regions but with shared link.

Cyber Security (2 decks)

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