OSHA Test 1 Flashcards
the toxic effects resulting from a SINGLE DOSE or SHORT EXPOSURE to a substance
ACUTE TOXICITY
a chemical that has been evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and found to be a CARCINOGEN or POTENTIAL CARCINOGEN; or is listed as a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen (formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde)
CHRONIC TOXICITY
liquids having a flash point at or above 37.8 degrees (100F)
COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
a substance that causes visible destruction or permanent changes in human skin tissue at the site of contact (bleach and formaldehyde)
CORROSIVE
a chemical that causes a sudden, almost instantaneous release of pressure, gas and heat when subjected to sudden shock (nitroglycerine)
EXPLOSIVE
4 types of Flammables
Aerosols-hairspray
Gas-acetylene
Liquid-acetone/gas
Solid-phosphorous
a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees. Also includes chemicals which are carcinogens, toxic, or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, nerurotoxins, agents which act on the hematopoietic system, and which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.
HEALTH HAZARDS
a chemical which is not corrosive, but which causes a reversible inflammatory effect on living tissue by chemical action at the site of contact (formaldehyde)
IRRITANT
dose required to produce the death in 50% of the exposed species within a specified time.
LD50 lethal dose 50
these are dangerous fire explosion risk (benzoyl peroxide)
ORGANIC PEROXIDE
chemicals that support combustion (bleach)
OXIDIZER
a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
material that will ignite spontaneously in air at 130 degrees F or below (calcium or titanium powder)
PYROPHORIC
a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical (formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde)
SENSITIZER
a relative property of a chemical agent and refers to a harmful effect on some biologic mechanism and the conditions under which this effect occurs
TOXICITY
materials that self-react under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature (hydrogen cyanide)
UNSTABLE
materials that can react with water to form gas, either flammable or toxic (halogen gases and sulfur dioxide)
WATER-REACTIVE
the following is a target organ categorization of effects which may occur, including examples of signs and symptoms and chemicals which have been found to cause such effects. These examples are presented to illustrate the range and diversity of effects and hazards found in the workplace, and the broad scope employers must consider in this area, but are not intended to be all-inclusive.
TARGET ORGAN EFFECTS
chemicals which produce liver damage
ex: jaundice, liver enlargement
chemicals: carbon tetrachloride
HEPATOTOXINS
chemicals which produce kidney damage
ex: edema
chemicals: halogenated hydrocarbons
NEPHROTOXINS
chemicals which produce their primary toxic effects on the nervous system
ex: narcosis, behavioral changes
chemicals: mercury
NEUROTOXINS
decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissues of oxygen
ex: loss of consciousness
chemicals: carbon monoxide
HEMATO-POIETIC SYSTEM
agents which damage the lung.
ex: cough, tightness in chest, shortness of breath
chemicals: silica, asbestos
PULMONARYTOXINS
chemicals which affect the reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage (mutations) and effects on fetuses
ex: birth defects, sterility
chemicals: lead, DBCP
REPRODUCTIVE TOXINS
