OSHA - Midterm Flashcards
hand hygiene
soap and water, hand sanitizer
in order for hand sanitizer to be effective must be at least 60% alc.
what is hand sanitizer not effective against
C-Diff spores
CDC isolation guidelines
2 tiers
1- standard precautions
2-transmission based precautions
tier 2: transmission based precautions
airborne transmission
droplet transmission
contact transmission
airborne transmission
viral, bacterial, fungal
must be fit tested for N-95 respiratory masks
prevent transmission of infectious agents that remain infectious over long distances when suspended in the air
droplet transmission
prevent transmission of pathogens through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact w/ respiratory secretions
pathogens do not remain infectious over long distances –> respirator not necessary
ex: meningitis, Flu, pneumonia, rubella, mumps
contact transmission
Ex: C-diff, E-coli, MRSA, VE
used to interrupt person-person transmission of infectious organisms by direct or indirect contact
PPE
personal protective equipment
gloves
jumpsuit
eye shield
face mask
caps
booties
order of putting on PPE (donning)
inspect PPE
hand hygiene
gown
mask
goggles
gloves
order of taking off PPE (doffing)
gloves
gown
goggles
mask (from back)
hand hygiene
blood born pathogens standard
designed to eliminate employees exposure to human blood or OPIM
what is OPIM
any bodily fluid visibly contaminated w/ blood
semen, vaginal secretions, breast milk, amniotic fluid, CSF, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid
how can blood born pathogens spread
can spread through 3 types of fluid
blood, semen, vaginal secretions
serious BBP
hepatitis B virus
hepatitis C virus
HIV
whats the best way to prevent serious BBP
hand washing
does exposure always mean infection
no
what does the risk of BBP depend on
whether pathogens are present and number present
type of injury or exposure
current health/immunization history
Hep B Disease
transmitted by OPIM/blood
more easily transmitted than HIV
12 week incubation period
30% of infected do not show symptoms
HBV vaccine is the best protection (95% effective, crucial for those who frequently deal with blood and those w/ suppressed immune)
blood test needed (may not indicate shortly after infection)
what are the causes of Hep B
acute hepatitis
chronic hepatitis infection (can be infectious for decades)
how does hep b spread
Injection
Mucous Membrane
Sexual Activity
● Mother»_space; Fetus
Contaminated Environment (At room temp HBV can be present in dry fluid for several days)
Hep C Disease
Spread via Blood
Incubation can last 7 weeks
3.5 million people in the US have chronic HCV infection
41,200 people with acute
Considered SILENT EPIDEMIC because symptoms can lay dormant for years
blood test needed to diagnose
how does hep b spread
Injection
Mucous Membrane
Sexual Activity
● Mother»_space; Fetus
Contaminated Environment (At room temp HBV can be present in dry fluid for several days)
how does hep c spread
Drug infections with contaminated needles
Unclean tattoos
Mother»_space; Fetus
Rarely through sexual activity
Contact with infected sharp
symptoms of hep b and c
liver damage/cancer
cirrhosis
HIV
One million people positive in US
1⁄4 unaware
Eventually Fatal
No vaccine
Blood Test needed (Result positive 12 weeks after exposure)
Prevention of Change to AIDS is Critical
how is HIV spread
blood
semen
vaginal secretions
breast milk
OPIM if blood present
MRSA
generally start as swollen, painful red bumps
resistant to antibiotics
OSHA standards
provide PPE
provide training
clean, repair and replace equipment
PPE disposal
designated disposal containers
proper disposal
standard precautions
handle all blood and OPIM as it is contaminated
tuberculosis
mainly affects lungs (can effect spine, brain, kidneys)
many with Tb are not sick or contagious
TB is contagious though
Tb spreads through
inhaling pathogens (can live outside of body for 1.5 hours, can lay dormant in person for years)
TB testing
mantoux test (skin test)
blood test
Flu
prevented by hand and respiratory hygiene (vaccination)
seasonal and a pandemic
dehydration is a major factor (rest and fluids for those infected)