OSHA Exam 4 Flashcards
(love wisdom) is the set of values, ideas, and opinion of an individual or group
$What is philosophy?
$The Central Questions of Philosophy
What is real?– MetaphysicsWhat is true? – EpistemologyWhat is valuable? – Axiology ( study of ethics)
Metaphysics
What is real?
Epistemology
What is true?
Axiology ( study of ethics)
What is valuable?
Theistic View: God and creationNon-theistic: Nature and evolution
$Metaphysics: What is real?
Theistic View: Sacred text through revelationNon-theistic: Science through learning
$Epistemology: What is True?
Theistic View: Rules of conduct and salvationNon-theistic: Life, Liberty, Happiness, Beauty, Truth, Justice
$Axiology: What is valuable?
that branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct with respect to the wright and wrong of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions. (Webster- greek ethos)
$Ethics:
is moralityGreek word “ethos” meaning characterLatin word “mores” meaning customPrimarily concerned with attempting to define what is good for the individual and for society
$What is Ethics?
A branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conductWith respect to rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to theGoodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions
$Ethics
$Development of Ethics
PhilosophyReligionValuesCode of Ethics
Set of values, ideas, and opinions of an individual or groupPhilosophers “Great Thinkers” such as:Aristotle, Plato - Greek PhilosophersMore recent - Martin Luther King, William Buckley Jr
$Philosophy
Rule of ethical conduct found in some form in most major religions”Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”
$The Golden Rule
Culturally entrenched pattern of behaviorMade up of:Sacraed beliefsEmotional feelings accompanying the beliefs and Overt (open to view) conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelingsOften based on: $The Golden RuleRule of ethical conduct found in some form in most major religions”Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”
$Religion
Beliefs held in high esteemThese values can be:PersonalProfessionalSocietal
Values
Declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct
Code of Ethics
Sources for Developing a Code of Ethics
The Golden Rule - HistoricallyPersonal or individual ethicsSituational ethicsBusiness ethics
Moral principles (principles dealing with right and wrong human behavior) that vary with circumstances
Situational Ethics
What is good and moral in business transaction?In the funeral business what are good and moral practices?Selling a family something they cannot afford versus -Selling them something they can afford!
Business Ethics
$Stages of Moral Development (Kohlberg)
What is Moral?Synonymous with ethics or ethicalRefers to customs, values, and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless
$Kohlberg’s Stages
Pre-moralPre-conventionalConventionalPost-conventional
A stage in moral development in which an individual is characterized as not understanding rules or feeling a sense of obligation to themLooking to experience only that which is good and pleasantOr avoid that which is painful
$Pre-Moral
A stage in moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authority
$Pre-Conventional
A stage in moral development in which expectations of the social group (family, community, and nation) are supported and maintained
$Conventional
A stage in moral development in which the individual considers universal moral principles which supersede (take the place of) authority of the group
$Post Conventional
Imposed internally Concerned with motives-motive is a reason or desire causing a person to actConcerned with interests of the individual and society
Ethics:
Imposed externallyConcerned with acts and conduct (behavior)Concerned with interests of society
Law:
Rules that govern societyImposed externally by federal, state, and local governments and agenciesRelated to Police PowerInherent power of every government to make reasonable laws to practice the safety, health, morals, and general welfare of its citizens
A few words about law…
are concerned with the “greater good” of all peopleThe needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few
Laws
Individual EthicsPersonal standardsProfessionalismPersonal StandardsCultureTheistic or non-theistic(Both contribute to an individuals’s ideas about ethics)CitizenshipFamily relationships
In other words…We learn from the people around usWe develop our own ideas about life and deathWe establish personal standards upon which our sense of individual ethics are built
Consists of abstract patterns of and for living and dyingRules, ideas, and beliefs shared by members of societyWhich are learned directly or indirectly
Culture
a belief in God or gods
Theistic:
A philosophy that does not focus on the worship of a god or gods
Non-Theistic:
The character of an individual viewed as a member of societyBehavior in terms of duties, obligations, and functions of a citizenFurther shapes personal standards and individual ethics
$Citizenship
having a sense of honor, upright, and fair dealing
Honesty:
fidelity (faithful) to moral principles
Integrity:
