OSHA Flashcards
How many hospitalized patients are getting at least one healthcare associated infection
1 out of 31 patients
when can patients get hospital acquired infections
routine care
surgery
medical devices (ventilators, catheters)
overuse of antibiotics
what are the main ways for patients to obtain a hospital acquired infection?
blood
Urinary tract
lungs
skin and surgical sites
How is hospital acquired infections spread
source (people/environment)
Susceptible person (Unvaccinated, immunosuppressed, catheter, surgery)
Means of transmission (direct contact, droplet, inhalation, sharps)
What are the two tiers of prevention of HAI
Standard precautions and Transmission-based precautions
What does HAI stand for
Hospital Acquired Infection
What are standard precautions for HAI
used for ALL patient care
protect healthcare workers from infection and prevent the spread of infection for patient to patient
What are universal precautions
approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens
Standard precautions have replaced this
What do standard precautions apply to
blood
body fluids (regardless of where or not they contain visible blood, not sweat or tears)
non-intact skin
mucous membranes
What is the most important factor in the prevention of transmission of infection and antibiotic resistance?
hand hygiene
What is hand hygiene important for?
important factor in prevention of transmission of infection and antibiotic resistance
When is hand-washing better than hand-sanitizing
when the hands are visibly soiled
exposure to C.diff
before eating or preparing food
after using the restroom
What are types of PPE
gloves
gowns
masks and respirators
goggles
face shields
what is the sequence of Donning
- gown
- mask/respirator
3.goggles/face shield - gloves
what is the sequence for Doffing
- gloves
- goggles/face shield
- gown
- mask/respirator
What are safe injection practices?
always use a fresh syringe
always use a fresh needle
and medications packages as single-use vials should never be used for more than one patient
What are the sharps injury infection risks
HBV, HCV and HIV
When do sharp related injuries most commonly occur
passing/transferring equipment
recapping contaminated needles
colliding with coworkers
decontaminating/processing equipment
what strategies exist to eliminate sharp injuries
-eliminate or reduce the use of needles and other sharps
-use devices with safety features to isolate sharps
-use safe practices to minimize risk for hazards
-prepare to use the device the moment the sharps are first exposed
-take precautions while using sharps
take precautions during cleanup
take precautions during disposal
what are sharps safety practices
be prepared
be aware
dispose with care
How do you handle sharps appropriately
use needles with safety devices
never recap, break or bend needles
never leave needles unattended
never reuse disposable sharps
dispost of all needles in a sharps container
when should sharps containers be changed
when it is half to 3/4 full
What are droplet precautions?
used for patients that have infection that can be spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact with respiratory secretions
What are airborne precautiosn
used for patients that have an infection that can bbe spread over long distances when suspended int he air
