Oscillations Flashcards
When does simple harmonic motion occur?
- When the force/force providing the acceleration acts towards the equilibrium position
- F ∝ -x , a ∝ -x
What is the equation for force in SHM which includes displacment?
- F = -kx
What is the equation for acceleration which includes angular velocity and extension?
- a = -ω2x
What are the two equations for displacement?
- x = Acosωt
- x = A
What are the two equations for velocity?
- v = -Aωsinωt
- v = Aω
What are the two equations for acceleration?
- a = -Aω2cosωt
- a = Aω2
What is the equation for Time period?
- T = 1/f
- T = 2π / ω
- ω = 2πf
What is the equation for time period of a pendulum and the general one?
- T = 2π (l/g)1/2
- T = 2π (m/k)1/2
State the displacement, velocity and acceleration time graphs for SHM?
Define resonance?
- When the frequency of forcing oscillation equals the natural frequency resonance occurs where max energy is transfered from driver to system causing very large oscillations
What happens when frequency of forced oscillation is not at the natural frequency?
- Minimum energy is transffered from the driver to the system so small amplitude
What are the three different types of damping?
- Underdamping
- Critical damping
- Overdamping
What happens during light and heavy damping?
- Amplitude decreases
- As energy is disipated
What happens during critical damping?
- Gets to equilibrium quickly
- Doesn’t go beyond equilibrium
What happens during overdamping?
- Amplitude drops slowly
- Doesn’t hit the equilibrium
State the graphs for overdamping, critical damping and underdamping (A against t)
State the graph with Energy total, Potential energy and Kinetic energy against Amplitude
What happens to a resonance curve when the system is damped?
- The curve flattens and shifts to the left
