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Physics paper 1 > Oscillations > Flashcards

Oscillations Flashcards

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1
Q

displacement

A

the distance from the oscillator to the equilibrium

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2
Q

amplitude

A

max displacement to the equilibrium

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3
Q

time period

A

the time it takes to complete one full oscillation

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4
Q

Frequency

A

the number of oscillations per unit time

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5
Q

angular frequency, w

A

the rate of change of angular displacement

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6
Q

what is the equation that relates angular frequency and time period

A

w = 2Pi/T

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7
Q

what are the conditions fro simple harmonic motion

A

acceleration must be directly proportional to the displacement and in the opposite direction

it must act towards the equilibrium position

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8
Q

two main examples of systems which undergo simple harmonic motion

A

spring and a pendulum

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9
Q

when is velocity minimum

A

at the amplitude of an oscillation

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10
Q

why is the velocity minimum at the amplitude of an oscillation

A

as the object changes direction

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11
Q

when is velocity maximum

A

when the object passes through the equilibrium position

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12
Q

how do you calculate maximum speed

A

Vmax = wA

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13
Q

draw a graph for the potential energy and kinetic energy against displacement for a simple harmonic system

A
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14
Q

what is damping

A

process by which the amplitude of the oscillations decreases over time. this is due to energy loss to resistive forces such as drag or friction

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15
Q

what happens with light damping

A

> it occurs naturally
amplitude decreases exponentially
time period remains the same as A and T are independent

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16
Q

what happens when heavy damping occurs

A

the amplitude decreases dramatically

17
Q

what happens during critical damping

A

object is stopped in as short time as possible without overshooting the equilibrium

18
Q

free oscillation

A

system is disturbed initially and then oscillates with no external force, it oscillates at its natural frequency

19
Q

forced oscillation

A

driving force is applied to an object which causes it to oscillate at a particular frequency

20
Q

what is resonance

A

when the driving force of the external force applied to an object is the same as the natural frequency of the object

21
Q

what happens when resonance occurs

A

> amplitude of oscillation rapidly increases and if there is no damping the amplitude will continue to increase until the system fails
as damping is increases the amplitude will decreases at all frequencies and the maximum amplitude will occur at a lower frequency

22
Q

experiment to investigate the resonance of an object

A

> suspend mass between two springs attached to oscillation generator and use a ruler parallel with the spring mass system to record the amplitude
increase the frequency of the generator slowly so that the amplitude increases, reaching maximum amplitude when the driver frequency is the same as the natural frequency
since drag due to air damps the system the amplitude should not continue to increase until the point of system failure
to increase accuracy system can be filmed and the amplitude recorded from video stills

23
Q

experiment to determine the period and frequency

A

> add a mass to the end of a spring which is attached to a stand then place a fiducial marker in line with the mass
displace the mass, to initiate simple harmonic motion
measure 10T from equilibrium position with the use of fiducial marker
take all measurements from eye level to reduce parallax error
divide by 10 to get time period
and if want frequency, frequency = 1/T
take multiple measurements and find the mean to improve accuracy

24
Q

what is the name given when the period of a simple harmonic oscillator is independent of the amplitude

A

isochronous oscillator

25
Q

how can you find the velocity at a given time

A

find the gradient

26
Q

when does maximum kinetic energy occur

A

at the equilibrium position as this is where the velocity is at its maximum

27
Q

where does maximum potential energy occur

A

at the amplitude as this is where displacement is at its maximum and total energy is conserved

Physics paper 1 (9 decks)

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