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Physics > oscillations > Flashcards

oscillations Flashcards

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1
Q

describe simple harmonic motion (SHM)

A

-object oscillates either side of an equilibrium point
-a restoring force is always acting on the object in the direction of the equilibrium point
-the force is proportional to the displacement, which also means the object has an acceleration proportional to the displacement

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2
Q

SHM equations

A

F=-kx
a=-xw^2
angular velocity equations

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3
Q

spring oscillators

A

a mass on a string oscillating by SHM

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4
Q

spring oscillator time period equation

A

T=2πroot m/k

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5
Q

what are spring oscillator’s time periods unaffected by

A

gravity and displacement

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6
Q

pendulum oscillators

A

a mass on a string oscillating with simple harmonic motion

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7
Q

pendulum oscillator time period

A

T=2πroot l/g

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8
Q

what is a pendulums time period unaffected by

A

mass and displacement

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9
Q

what is the gradient of a displacement time graph

A

velocity

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10
Q

what is the gradient of a velocity time graph

A

acceleration

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11
Q

what is energy transferred between during SHM

A

kinetic energy and potential energy

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12
Q

potential energy max during SHM

A

during the maximum displacement and negative displacement

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13
Q

where is kinetic energy max in SHM

A

at the point of equilibrium, where the displacement is 0

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14
Q

what is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy in SHM equal to

A

the total energy in the system

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15
Q

what is damping

A

where energy is transferred out of a system

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16
Q

what are natural causes of damping

A

friction and air resistance

17
Q

where might damping be wanted

A

spring doors, speedometers, car suspensions, swings

18
Q

types of damping

A

light damping, critical damping and over damping

19
Q

what is light damping

A

the oscillations are reduced slowly (air resistance and friction are an example)

20
Q

what is critical damping

A

stopping oscillating and returning to oscillations as soon as possible

21
Q

what is over damping

A

damping force greater than critical damping, but takes longer to return to the equilibrium position

22
Q

Types of vibrations

A

free vibrations and forced vibrations

23
Q

what are free vibrations

A

the frequency the system tends to vibrate at in a free vibration is called the natural frequency

24
Q

what is resonance

A

when the frequency of the driving force is equal to the natural frequency

24
Q

what are forced vibrations

A

a driving force causes the system to vibrate at a different frequency

25
Q

what does resonance do to the amplitude

A

the amplitude of oscillations is at a max

26
Q

what does resonance do to energy

A

the rate of energy transfer is at a max

27
Q

is the driving force out of phase during resonance

A

yes, by π/2 and ahead of oscillations

Physics (16 decks)

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