Oscillations Flashcards
Free Oscillations
Oscillations with no external force acting on them
Forced Oscillations
Oscillations with a periodic force applied on them
Oscillatory Motion
When a body moves to and fro about a fixed point along the same path is said to be oscillating. This motion is called oscillating motion
Oscillatory Motion
When a body moves to and fro about a fixed point along the same path is said to be oscillating. This motion is called oscillatory motion.
X = ?
X = Asinwt
Velocity of oscillation formula?
V = Awcoswt
Acceleration of oscillation formula?
A = -Aw^2sinwt
Simple Harmonic Motion
Acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement and is always directed towards the equilibrium position.
a = ?
a = -w^2*x
v = ?
v = ±ω √(A² − x² )
Damping
The gradual decrease in the amplitude of an oscillating system due to loss of energy caused by forces acting in direction opposite to motion
Resonance
Maximum amplitude of vibration of oscillating body when forced oscillations is equal to natural frequency of oscillator
Examples of Useful Purposes of Resonance:
Oscillation of a child’s swing
Tuning of radio receiver - natural frequency of radio is
adjusted so that it responds resonantly to a specific
broadcast frequency
Using microwave to cook food - produces microwaves of
frequency equal to natural frequency of water, causing
the water molecules in food to vibrate generating heat
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used in hospitals to
create images of the human organs
Examples of Destructive Nature of Resonance:
High-pitched sound waves can shatter fragile objects e.g.
shattering of a glass when a soprano hit a high note
Buildings that vibrate at natural frequencies close to the
frequency of seismic waves collapse during earthquakes
A car suspension system vibrates when going over bumps
which would give large amplitude vibrations
