Oscillation and waves Flashcards by Vee apatan

is a disturbance that
carries energy through a medium
of a space

wave

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classification of waves

motion, medium

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classification of waves based on motion

transverse
longitudinal

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classification of wave sbased on medium

mechanical
electromagnetic

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have Crest and Trough. In

vibration are perpendicular to
the direction of the motion

Transverse waves

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have compression and
rarefaction.

the vibrations are parallel to the direction of the
wave motion

longitudinal waves

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are combination of transverse
and longitudinalwaves. This produce the
circular motion of the wave

surface waves

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of a wave is the maximum
displacement of the particles of the medium
from their equilibrium position

amplitude

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is the distance between two
successive crest or trough, or between two
successive or rarefaction

wavelength

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equals wavelength times
frequency.

wave velocity

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wave properties and interactions

reflection
refraction
diffraction
interference

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the bouncing back of wave

reflection

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bending of waves as they
pass from one medium to another

refraction

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the bending of waves as
they pass an edge or corner

diffraction

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results when two waves
meet to combine constructively or
destructively

interference

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has a dual nature. itsometimes acts as a set of waves / stream of partices

light

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two ways to produce light

incandescence
luminescence

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light produced when something is heated

incandescence

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light caused by ,movement of electrons of the material from higher energy levels to lower energy levels

luminescence

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Some gases can be made to produce light by passing an electric current through them called

electric discharge through ionized gases

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Light travels in a straight line except when diffracted at the rate of around

3 x 10^8 m/s

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is the separation of white light into its component colors

dispersion

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is polarized if its vibrations are confined to a single
plane

light wave

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pigment is produced when primary pigments are combined

black

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Light produced by the eye and that it interacts with the light that object gives off He knew that the moon shines by light reflected from the sun and was also aware of the cause of solar eclipses.

Empedocles

Proposed that sight is caused by the visual rays emanating from eye and striking the object vision resulted from light rays emerging from a person's eye and striking an object

Pythagoras

Believed that every object contains numerous amounts of replicas and continuously emits its replica

Democritus

peeling away of images from an object that then enters the eye, in Democritus' theory of optics. - democritus

'Eidola'

is a work on the geometry of vision written by the Greek mathematician Euclid around 300 BC. science of the study of light

optics

product of electromagnetic waves

light

study of mechanical waves

acoustics

Light is emitted by sources other than eye and that vision is produced when light reflects an object

epicurus

Presented the law of reflection and discussed the propagation of light rays in straight path 🞆 Questions the origin of the light within the eye

euclid

Light is made up of the particles of the sun 🞆 Dharmakirti theorize that light is a stream of energetic particles. believed that matter consisted of indivisible "atoms," thought that light must be a particle given off by the sun.

lucretius

1st discovers Snell’s Law dealt with the optical properties of curved mirrors and lenses and has been described as the discoverer of the law of refraction (Snell's law). uses this law to derive lens shapes that focus light with no geometric aberrations, known as anaclastic lenses. designed convex lenses that focus light rays that are parallel, which can cause an object to burn at a specific distance

ibn sahl

Discovers but did not publish his version of Snell’s Law

thomas harriot

Derives but did not publish the Snell’s law but its posthumously gets the credit

willbrord snellius

Independently derives Snell’s Law. (accused of plagiarizing Snellius, gets the credit but in France only) 🞆 Described light as pressure

descartes

First quantitative studies of the refraction as it passes transparent medium

ptolemy

Corpuscular theory 🞆 light is made up of small discrete particles called "corpuscles" (little particles) which travel in a straight line with a finite velocity and possess impetus

newton

Calculate the speed of light using the timing of the eclipses of Jupiter’s Moon

ole romer

Propagation of light through simple lenses

roger bacon

Introduces ether, a medium that light is thought to travel in a vacuum 🞆 Wave Theory of light

christian huygens

Diffraction effects and thin film interference

robert hooke

Provides mathematically that light can only be polarized if it is a transverse wave

augistine-jean fresnel

Discovers that the plane of polarization of light can be rotated by magnetic field 🞆 Leads to realization that light is a high frequency electromagnetic wave

michael faraday

If a parallel beam of light falls on a small spherical obstacle, there will be a bright spot at the center of the shadow

simeon denis poisson

Light as Electromagnetic Wave

james maxwell

Attempts to detect the ether that light travels through and fails

michaelson and morley

Blackbody radiation 🞆 Resolves the ultraviolet catastrophe by mathematically by treating light emitted by a blackbody as a discrete particle called “quanta”

planck

Photoelectric Effect

einstein

Duality of Light

loius de broglie

Uncertainty Principle

werner hiesenberg

Quantum Mechanics

Erwin Schrodinger

Showed experimental evidence of EM Waves and their link to light

Heinrich Hertz (1879)

Demonstrated the magnetic effect based in the direction of the current

Andre-Marie Ampere

istheunit tomeasurethefrequencyofwaves

hertz

Electromagnetic spectrum consists of

Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Waves, Xray GammaRays

Thesearetransverse wavethat donot require mediumtopropagate ◼Theyalltravel at thespeed oflight

electromagnetic waves

◼Longest wavelength ◼Lowest frequency ◼AM and FM Radio ◼VHF and UHF television Broadcast ◼Communication with submarines, mines and mobile phones, RFID,

Radio/hertzian waves

◼Between Radio waves and Infrared ◼Most popular application is Microwave oven(2.45Ghz; 12.2cm) ◼Radio detection and Ranging(Radar) system (to monitor distance of distant object) ◼Application ◼Bluetooth ◼Monitoring heartbeat

microwaves

◼Means “Below red” ◼Anything that has temperature above zero kelvin emits _ ◼Thermal Motion, Night vision, thermograms ◼Other animals such as snake also have _ detectors near their nostrils(used to hunt at night)

infrared radiation

◼Narrow band of electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by human eye ◼3.84 X 1014 Hz -7.96 X 1014Hz ◼Colors were first realized by Sir Isaac Newton ◼Colors are subjective to human physiological and psychological response

Visible light

Means above Violet ◼Johann Wilhelm Ritter ◼Three regions ▪ UVA –premature aging and wrinkling of skin ▪ UVB –Skin cancer, Sun burning cataracts ▪ UVC –Extremely dangerous but does not enter Earth’s surface because of ozone ◼Formation of Vit D(UVB) ◼Fluorescent lamp, sterilization, pest control devices and authentication of documents

ultraviolet

r Unknown Radiation ◼Most of their wavelength are smaller than atom ◼Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen ◼Has high energy that is enough to penetrate skin and muscle ◼Developing materials(super conductors)

x-ray

◼Most Energetic of all waves ◼Produced in Earth by means of: ▪ Electron-positron annihilation, neutron pion decay, nuclear fusion and fission and radioactive decay ◼Other sources ▪ Pulsars, neutron star, black holes and supernova ◼Most dangerous ◼Used in medicine ▪ Radiation therapy, gamma knife surgery and diagnostic procedures ◼Sterilization of Foods

gamma rays