OSCEs Flashcards
RMT is testing for
cows w/ high SCC which may be contributing to spread of mastitis in the herd
RMT technique
- Discard first few squirts of milk
- Squirt 2-5ml of milk from each 1/4 into the separate 1/4 of the tray
- Mix each milk sample w/ equal amounts of reagent
- Swirl for 10-20secs
- Degree of gelling is graded 1-3
How do you check if a stomach tube is in place?
Listening for bubbles
what size needle do you use to collect blood from the coccygeal?
1inch 18-20G
what parameters can be used for cattle urine dipsticks?
glucose, ketones, blood, pH, proteins
what is the limitation of dipsticks in cattle?
Not all ketones are detected - BHB is not detected which is the main ketone produced by cows.
Detects acetone and acetoacetate.
Left sided ping DDx
LDA
Rumen gas cap
Pneumoperitoneum
Right sided ping DDx
RDA/RTA
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumorectum
Pneumocolon
Penicillin MOA
bactericidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis
Penicillin admin
IM
Penicillin common uses
skin and soft tissue infections, post sx, calf diphtheria
Penicillin bacterial sensitivity
Gram +ves (non-penicillinase producing staphs and strep + anaerobes)
Oxytetracycline admin
IV or IM for long acting
Oxytetracycline MOA
bacteriostatic - inhibits transcription and translation
Oxytetracycline common use
Surgical prophy, actinobacillosis (wooden tongue), pneumonia, calf diphtheria, bacterial enteritis, metritis
Oxytetracycline bacterial sensitivity
broad spectrum (gram +ves, gram -ves, anaerobes)
TMS admin
IM
TMS MOA
bactericidal - inhibits DNA synthesis and integrity
TMS common use
bacterial enteritis, peritonitis, septicaemia
TMS bacterial sensitivity
broad spectrum
Florfenicol admin
SC or IM (not in dairy cattle)
Florfenicol MOA
bacteriostatic
Florfenicol common use
pneumonia, foot rot, pink eye
Florfenicol spectrum
broad
Ceftiofur MOA
bactericidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis
Ceftiofur class
3rd gen cephalosporin
Ceftiofur admin
IM
Ceftiofur common use
septicaemia, metritis, respiratory dz
ceftiofur spectrum
broad
How do you perform a grunt test in a small cow?
Controlled upward push with knee or closed fist of ventral abdomen caudal and slightly left of xiphoid while listening over the trachea with a stethoscope
How do you perform a grunt test in a large cow?
Use a heavy pole/plank horizontally under area immediately caudal to xiphoid to provide sudden lift whilst auscult trachea
How do you perform a pinch test?
strongly pinch withers over 8th thoracic vertebrae dorsally over midline while auscult over trachea
Landmarks of a cornual nerve block
- Halfway btwn lateral canthus of eye and lateral base of the horn along the frontal crest/temporal ridge
- Insert needle into upper 1/3 of the temporal ridge immediately behind the ridge to depth of up to 1cm
Needle size for cornual nerve block
2.5cm 18G
How long is the onset of a cornual nerve block using 2% lignocaine?
5-10minutes
What amount of 2% lignocaine is used when performing a cornual nerve block?
5-10ml
Describe the technique used during intravenous regional anaesthesia?
tourniquet is placed around the metatarsus/metacarpus and LA is injected into the vessels below the tourniquet.
What amount of 2% lignocaine is used when performing a intravenous regional anaesthesia?
Up to 30ml
How long is the onset of intravenous regional anaesthesia using 2% lignocaine?
20minutes
What are the landmarks for performing an epidural on a cow?
- Between the first and 2nd coccygeal vertebrae
2. OR in the sacro-coccygeal space (found by raising and lowering the trail and palpating for the depression)
When would a proximal/distal paravertebral nerve block be indicated?
RDA/LDAs, c-sections, rumenotomys
What volume of 2% lidocaine is used per site when performing paravertebral nerve blocks in an adult cow?
20ml per site; 10-15ml ventral to and 5ml dorsal to the transverse process
At which lumbar transverse processes do you perform paravertebral nerve blocks for an RDA?
L1, L2 and L4
Which nerves are block when performing an paravertebral nerve block at L1, L2 and L4?
Blocks nerve roots at T13, L1 and L2.
How long is the onset of paravertebral nerve blocks using 2% lignocaine?
wait 15minutes to take effect
