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PAM > OSCEs > Flashcards

OSCEs Flashcards

1
Q

RMT is testing for

A

cows w/ high SCC which may be contributing to spread of mastitis in the herd

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2
Q

RMT technique

A
  1. Discard first few squirts of milk
  2. Squirt 2-5ml of milk from each 1/4 into the separate 1/4 of the tray
  3. Mix each milk sample w/ equal amounts of reagent
  4. Swirl for 10-20secs
  5. Degree of gelling is graded 1-3
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3
Q

How do you check if a stomach tube is in place?

A

Listening for bubbles

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4
Q

what size needle do you use to collect blood from the coccygeal?

A

1inch 18-20G

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5
Q

what parameters can be used for cattle urine dipsticks?

A

glucose, ketones, blood, pH, proteins

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6
Q

what is the limitation of dipsticks in cattle?

A

Not all ketones are detected - BHB is not detected which is the main ketone produced by cows.
Detects acetone and acetoacetate.

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7
Q

Left sided ping DDx

A

LDA
Rumen gas cap
Pneumoperitoneum

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8
Q

Right sided ping DDx

A

RDA/RTA
Pneumoperitoneum
Pneumorectum
Pneumocolon

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9
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

bactericidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis

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10
Q

Penicillin admin

A

IM

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11
Q

Penicillin common uses

A

skin and soft tissue infections, post sx, calf diphtheria

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12
Q

Penicillin bacterial sensitivity

A

Gram +ves (non-penicillinase producing staphs and strep + anaerobes)

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13
Q

Oxytetracycline admin

A

IV or IM for long acting

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14
Q

Oxytetracycline MOA

A

bacteriostatic - inhibits transcription and translation

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15
Q

Oxytetracycline common use

A

Surgical prophy, actinobacillosis (wooden tongue), pneumonia, calf diphtheria, bacterial enteritis, metritis

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16
Q

Oxytetracycline bacterial sensitivity

A

broad spectrum (gram +ves, gram -ves, anaerobes)

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17
Q

TMS admin

A

IM

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18
Q

TMS MOA

A

bactericidal - inhibits DNA synthesis and integrity

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19
Q

TMS common use

A

bacterial enteritis, peritonitis, septicaemia

20
Q

TMS bacterial sensitivity

A

broad spectrum

21
Q

Florfenicol admin

A

SC or IM (not in dairy cattle)

22
Q

Florfenicol MOA

A

bacteriostatic

23
Q

Florfenicol common use

A

pneumonia, foot rot, pink eye

24
Q

Florfenicol spectrum

A

broad

25
Q

Ceftiofur MOA

A

bactericidal - inhibits cell wall synthesis

26
Q

Ceftiofur class

A

3rd gen cephalosporin

27
Q

Ceftiofur admin

A

IM

28
Q

Ceftiofur common use

A

septicaemia, metritis, respiratory dz

29
Q

ceftiofur spectrum

A

broad

30
Q

How do you perform a grunt test in a small cow?

A

Controlled upward push with knee or closed fist of ventral abdomen caudal and slightly left of xiphoid while listening over the trachea with a stethoscope

31
Q

How do you perform a grunt test in a large cow?

A

Use a heavy pole/plank horizontally under area immediately caudal to xiphoid to provide sudden lift whilst auscult trachea

32
Q

How do you perform a pinch test?

A

strongly pinch withers over 8th thoracic vertebrae dorsally over midline while auscult over trachea

33
Q

Landmarks of a cornual nerve block

A
  1. Halfway btwn lateral canthus of eye and lateral base of the horn along the frontal crest/temporal ridge
  2. Insert needle into upper 1/3 of the temporal ridge immediately behind the ridge to depth of up to 1cm
34
Q

Needle size for cornual nerve block

A

2.5cm 18G

35
Q

How long is the onset of a cornual nerve block using 2% lignocaine?

A

5-10minutes

36
Q

What amount of 2% lignocaine is used when performing a cornual nerve block?

A

5-10ml

37
Q

Describe the technique used during intravenous regional anaesthesia?

A

tourniquet is placed around the metatarsus/metacarpus and LA is injected into the vessels below the tourniquet.

38
Q

What amount of 2% lignocaine is used when performing a intravenous regional anaesthesia?

A

Up to 30ml

39
Q

How long is the onset of intravenous regional anaesthesia using 2% lignocaine?

A

20minutes

40
Q

What are the landmarks for performing an epidural on a cow?

A
  1. Between the first and 2nd coccygeal vertebrae

2. OR in the sacro-coccygeal space (found by raising and lowering the trail and palpating for the depression)

41
Q

When would a proximal/distal paravertebral nerve block be indicated?

A

RDA/LDAs, c-sections, rumenotomys

42
Q

What volume of 2% lidocaine is used per site when performing paravertebral nerve blocks in an adult cow?

A

20ml per site; 10-15ml ventral to and 5ml dorsal to the transverse process

43
Q

At which lumbar transverse processes do you perform paravertebral nerve blocks for an RDA?

A

L1, L2 and L4

44
Q

Which nerves are block when performing an paravertebral nerve block at L1, L2 and L4?

A

Blocks nerve roots at T13, L1 and L2.

45
Q

How long is the onset of paravertebral nerve blocks using 2% lignocaine?

A

wait 15minutes to take effect

PAM (2 decks)

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