Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

01 Progress Test Year 4 > OSCE Finals > Flashcards

OSCE Finals Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 respiratory failure on ABG?

A

Hypoxia withOUT hypercapnia

pCO2 normal or low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Type 2 respiratory failure on ABG?

A

Hypoxia AND hypercapnia

pCO2 high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Type 1 and 2 respiratory failure general cause?

A

Type 1 - failure of oxygenation

Type 2 - failure of respiration (pump)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is FEV1?

A

Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec

Volume of air pt can expire forcibly in 1 second

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is FVC?

A

Forced vital capacity

The total volume of air a pt can expire in 1 breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Spirometry pattern of COPD?

A

FEV1 < 80% predicted

FEV1/FVC < 0.7 (70%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spirometry pattern of restrictive lung disease?

A

FEV1 - reduced
FVC - reduced
FEV1/FVC - normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of restrictive pattern on spirometry?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
Pulmonary oedema
Lobectomy/pneumectomy
Pneumoconiosis

Skeletal abnormalities
Neuromuscular disorders
Connective tissue disorders
Pregnancy or obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Method for interpreting CXR?

A

Name, date, type (PA or AP; erect; mobile)
RIPE
(Rotation, inspiration, penetration, exposure)
A - airway: trachea, carina, bronchii
B - breathing: lung fields, markings, vasculature
C - Cardiac: heart size, heart borders
D - Diaphragm: costophrenic angles; flattened; pneumoperitoneum
E - Everything else: BONES, apices, behind heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Method for interpreting AXR?

A

Name, date, type.
RIPE

A - air (bowel air) - air in bowel, type of bowel seen, faecal loading
B - Bones - lower ribs, vertebrae, pelvis
C - calcification - in bones/pancreas/liver/KUB
S - soft tissue - organs, liver, pancreas, stomach, kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Method for interpreting an ECG?

A

Name, time, date.

Rate
Rhythm
Cardiac axis
P waves
PR interval (3-5 squares; 120-200ms)
QRS complex (<120ms)
ST segment
T and U waves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Left axis deviation?

A

Lead I most positive

Lead II and III are negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Right axis deviation?

A

Lead III most positive

Lead I negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Normal cardiac axis?

A

Lead II most positive deflection compared to other leads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gross motor milestones?

A 
2 mo - head control
6 mo - sits without support
9-12 mo - pulls to standing
12-15 mo - walking 
18 mo - running
2 yrs - Walks upstairs 2 feet each step
3 yrs - hops on one foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fine motor/vision milestones?

A 
2 mo - tracks objects/face
5 mo - palmar grasp 
6 mo - hand to hand transfer
12 mo - pincer grip and 2 brick tower
2 yr - draw vertical line
3 yr - draw circle
3.5 yr - draw cross
4 yr - draw square
17
Q

Language milestones?

A 
0-6 mo - babbling, turning to voice etc
9 mo - mama and dada (specific); waves bye bye
12 mo - 1-3 words with meaning
18 mo - 3 body parts
2 yrs - 2 word phrases
3 yrs - 3-4 word phrases
18
Q

Social/emotional milestones?

A 
6 weeks - social smile
6 mo - objects to mouth
9 mo - separation anxiety
1 yr - hand clapping, drinks from beaker, waves
18 mo - imitates everyday activities
2.5 yrs - Spoon eating accomplished
19
Q

Key GI symptoms (history)?

A 
Dysphagia/odynophagia
Nausea/vomiting (haematemesis)
Reduced appetite/weight loss
Reflux
Abdo pain
Abdo distention
Bowel habit change (ask about blood)
Systemic symptoms - fever, jaundice, malaise, fatigue
20
Q

Key Urological symptoms (history)?

A 
Dysuria
Frequency
Urgency
Nocturia
Haematuria
Hesitancy/dribbling
Poor stream
Incontinence
Fever/rigors
Nausea/vomiting
21
Q

Key headache symptoms (history)?

A 
Nausea/vomiting
Visual disturbance
Photophobia
Neck stiffness
Rash
Fever
Weight loss
Sleep disturbance
Temporal region distribution
Neurological deficit
22
Q

Key depression symptoms (history)?

A 
Main 3:
Persistent low mood
Loss of interests or pleasure
Fatigue
Also ask:
Sleep disturbance
Appetite change
Concentration
Low confidence
Suicidal
Agitation
Slow movements
Guilt
23
Q

Key gynae symptoms (history)?

A 
Pelvic/abdo pain
Post coital bleeding
Intermenstrual bleeding
Post-menopausal bleeding
Abnormal discharge
Dyspareunia
Vulval changes and itching
Urinary symptoms
Bowel changes
Weight loss
24
Q

Key CVS symptoms (history)?

A 
Chest pain
Dyspnoea
Palpitations
Syncope/dizziness
Oedema
Claudication
Systemic symptoms (fatigue, fever, weight loss)
25
Q

Key respiratory symptoms (history)?

A 
Dyspnoea
Cough
Wheeze
Haemoptysis
Chest pain
Systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss, night sweats)
26
Q

Treatment of anaphylaxis?

A

Adrenaline 1:1000 500mcg (0.5ml)
Chlorphenamine 10mg
Hydrocortisone 200mg
Fluid challenge

27
Q

Treatment of NSTEMI?

A

Aspirin 300mg
Clopidogrel 300mg
GTN sublingual
Morphine 2-5mg IV

Oxygen if SpO2 < 90%
Beta blocker

28
Q

Treatment of STEMI?

A

Aspirin 300mg
Morphine 2-4mg IV
GTN sublingual

Oxygen if SpO2 < 90%

AND PCI ASAP!!

29
Q

Acute asthma exacerbation treatment? (moderate/severe/life threatening)

A 
Nebulised Salbutamol 5mg 
Prednisolone 40-80mg
Nebulised Ipratropium 500mcg (given with salbutamol)
Magnesium 2g IV (over 20 mins)
ITU admission if severe
30
Q

Risks of bronchoscopy?

A 
Sore throat/nose
Infection
Bleeding (haemoptysis)
Lung collapse
Failure
Pain
31
Q

Risks of endoscopy?

A 
Perforation
Bleeding (haematemesis, melaena)
Aspiration (pneumonia)
Infection
Sore throat
Cardio-respiratory arrest (elderly)
Failure
32
Q

Risks of colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy?

A 
Perforation
Bleeding (PR)
Pain
Infection
Abdominal discomfort (esp with colonoscopy)
Failure
33
Q

LFTs:

Raised ALP and GGT?

A

Cholestasis

34
Q

LFTs:

Raised ALT and AST?

A

Hepatocellular damage

35
Q

Confusion screen?

A 
Obs - (Temp, BP, HR)
Bloods:
FBC
U&amp;E
LFT
INR
TFT
Calcium
B12/Folate
Glucose
Cultures

Other:
CXR
Urine dip

Consider CT
Review Meds

36
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Vomiting/diarrhoea

Diuretics

37
Q

Causes of metabolic acidosis?

A

DKA
Lactic acidosis
Diarrhoea/colostomy
Renal tubular acidosis

38
Q

Causes of respiratory acidosis?

A

Asthma
COPD
Respiratory depression (opiates)
Guillain Barre

39
Q

Causes of respiratory alkalosis?

A 
Anxiety
PE
Pain
Hypoxia
Pneumothorax

01 Progress Test Year 4 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions