osce 2016 Flashcards
catheter locations equine
lateral thoracic v. jugular v cephalic saphenous (needle toward heart)
catheter locations SA
lateral saphenous (dog)
Medial saphenous (cat)
Jugular
auricular
arterial access SA
dorsal metatarsal a.
abdomniocentesis - sa
1 cm cranial the umbilicus off midline. 22G needle
abdominocentesis- equine
1-2 in caudal to xyphoid process right of midline. 18 G 1.5’’
Core Vaccinations- canine
Canine Distemper V (every 3-4 wks; between 6-16wk)
Canine parvovirus -2
Canine Adeno virus
Rabies (no earlier than 12wk)
Core Vx- Feline
Feline Panleukopenia
Feline Herpes
Feline Calicivirus
(every 3-4 wks; between 6-16wk)
Canine/ Feline Parasiticide
Heartworm; Flea; Tick; Round worms; Tape worms; whip worms; hook worms.
Puppies: Every 2 weeks until 3 months of age.
• Once/month from 3 to 6 months of age.
• Four time/year after 6 months of age.
Adults: Treat regularly considering potential exposure to parasites and prepatent periods.
Tapetal reflex using transilluminator
Stand 5-6 feet away from the dog’s eyes
Move eyes slightly lower than patient/ put dog on table; Shine transilluminator/penlight at dog’s pupil. Moving light from one pupil to another allows you to assess pupil size and symmetry.
a + tapetal reflex indicates
cornea, anterior chamber and lens are clear and that the retina is likely intact. DO IN DIM LIGHT!
if a dog has assymetric pupils how do you determine which is normal
if a miotic pupil does not dilate in darkness, it is abnormal
if a dilated pupil does not constrict under light stimulation it is abnormal
Menace Response
(CN II & VII; orbicularis oculi muscle) Blink is considered positive
Palpebral reflex
(CN V & VII)
Vestibulo-ocular (oculocephalic) reflex
(CN III, IV, VI, & VIII) move the head from side to side until you see nystagmus; when the motion stops the nystagmus stops. Then move head upwards and downwards to elicit veritical nystagmus
Pupillary Light Reflex: direct & consensual
(CN II & parasympathetic fibers of CN III; retina, iris constrictor/sphincter muscle, mid-brain)
Direct:in the eye the light is shown
indirect: the other eye
Dazzle Reflex
(CN II, VII, retina, rostral colliculus)
Shine a bright light in the eye- An involuntary aversion such as a blink, head/neck turn, or globe retraction is considered positive and
normal response in the visual patient
Maze Test
To asses blindness. Do in light and dark; tape over one eye
Schimer Tear Test
measurement of aqueous tear production
normal >15mm/min
Normal IOP
10-25 mm Hg
> 25mm Hg intraocular pressure
excessive restraint (pressure around head/neck), jugular occlusion, pushing on globe, glaucoma
uveitis. Decreased aqueous production due to inflammation
Equine physical exam: distance exam be sure to _____.
Observe respiratory patterns from a distance prior to interacting with the horse.
Never stand ______ of a horse
directly in front or behind of. Exc: equine stocks
Equine: evaluating head
Start at nares; asses color; moisture; airflow;
MM/CRT; (dentition- leave for end of exam)
Sinus evaluation: maxillary; left and right frontal
Eyes: determine lid tone by opening eyes; cornea; conjunctiva etc. menace; PLRs are slow in equine.
Ears: palpate external and internal pinna