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OSCE > OSCE > Flashcards

OSCE Flashcards

1
Q

self care tip for muscle and joint pain

A
  • rubbing the area
  • hot or cold compress
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2
Q

what is the maximum daily dose of paracetamol for adults?

A

two 500mg tablets four times a day

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3
Q

NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen are used for what?

A
  • relieve pain and fever
  • reduce swelling and inflammation
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4
Q

what is the maximum daily dose of ibuprofen for adults?

A

400mg up to three times a day, leave four hours between doses

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5
Q

what are the possible contra-indications for NSAIDs?

A
  • asthma
  • stomach problems e.g. ulcers
  • kidney and liver problems
  • pregnancy especially >30 weeks
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6
Q

minimum age for aspirin

A

16

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7
Q

possible contra-indications for aspirin?

A
  • asthma
  • stomach problems e.g. ulcers
  • patients taking anticoagulants e.g. warfarin
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8
Q

minimum age for combination opioid products

A

12

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9
Q

cluster headache characteristics

A
  • severe pain on one side
  • sudden, uncommon
  • usually everyday in bouts of weeks/months
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10
Q

cluster headache pharmacy treatment

A

refer to GP, paracetamol no effect

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11
Q

what is the first choice of painkiller for pregnant women?

A

paracetamol

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12
Q

red flag symptoms for back pain?

A
  • pain radiating down the leg, below the knee
  • numbness below the waist
  • back lump, swelling
  • worse at night
  • no improvement 2/3 weeks
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13
Q

red flag for joint pain?

A

accompanying symptoms such as fever, tiredness, generally unwell

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14
Q

first line OTC care for joint and muscle pain?

A

pain relief gels e.g.
- ibuprofen gel
- deep freeze/heat

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15
Q

How long is normal for cold symptoms to persist?

A

1-2 weeks

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16
Q

minimal age for decongestants

A

6

17
Q

how long can children aged between 6 and 12 take decongestants?

A

no longer than five days

18
Q

what other type of medicine can be included in combination products for cold and flu but can cause drowsiness?

A

antihistamines e.g. diphenhydramine

19
Q

nasal decongestant sprays often contain what?

what is the recommended time limit for use of such nasal sprays? Why?

A

xylometazoline and/or oxymetazoline

up to seven days

can cause rebound congestion ie. reappearance of symptoms

20
Q

what are inhalants or vapour rubs good for?

A

alleviating blocked noses, sinuses

21
Q

what do preventative nasal sprays do?

A

help to stop colds from developing

22
Q

what signs distinguish flu from a cold?

A
  • flu appears quickly (hours), colds gradually
  • sudden fever (38+)
  • aching, tiredness
  • loss of appetite, gastric issues
23
Q

a chesty cough is

A

productive

24
Q

a dry, tickly cough is

A

non-productive

25
Q

productive cough treatments

A

expectorants (12 yrs+)
include ingredients such as guaifenesin

26
Q

What sorts of patients with a cough should automatically be referred to a pharmacist?

A
  • children under 6
  • pregnant and breastfeeding women
27
Q

Treatment for adults, children over 12 with tickly cough?

A

Cough suppressants e.g dextromethorphan

Those containing diphenhydramine for cough suppression

28
Q

What sorts of ingredients are good for soothing the throat?

Who might products containing these ingredients not be suitable for?

A

Glycerin, honey, lemon

Diabetics because likely high in sugar

29
Q

What sorts of meds can be offered for sore throats?

What kind of APIs?

A

Throat sprays, lozenges, anti-inflammatories

E.g. benzydamine hydrochloride - Difflam

30
Q

What sorts of lozenges may also be helpful for sore throats?

What do they contain?

A

Antiseptic lozenges

Benzalkonium, dichlorobenzyl, hexylresorcinol, tyrothricin

31
Q

What sorts of lozenges/throat sprays should be considered for sore throats?

A
  • painkillers and anti-inflammatory
  • antiseptic
  • local anaesthetic
  • soothing
32
Q

What is an example of an API that acts as a local anaesthetic in lozenges/throat sprays?

How long can such products be used for?

A

Benzocaine

No more than 5 days

33
Q

What patients are lozenges unsuitable for?

A
  • elderly
  • children under 12
34
Q

Minimum age for throat spray?

A

6

35
Q

What do soothing lozenges contain?

What are the benefits?

Who must be careful using them?

A

Lemon, honey etc

Help produce saliva to lubricate throat

People with diabetes - look for SF

OSCE (2 decks)

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