Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomechanics Exam 3 (Ash) > Orthotics and Prosthetics > Flashcards

Orthotics and Prosthetics Flashcards

1
Q

goals of lower limb orthoses

A
  • maintenance or correction of body alignment
  • assistance or resistance to joint motion
  • axial loading of the orthosis and therefore relief of distal weight bearing forces
  • protection against physical insult
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the purpose of orthotics

A
  • resist motion
  • enhance motion
  • resist undesired motion
  • limit motion
  • stop motion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ankle foot orthoses can be sub-classified into

A
  • static

- dynamic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

purpose of ankle foot orthosis

A
  • control arc of motion of tibia over the foot
  • control STJ motion
  • apply the controlling force through the calf area
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the different types of ankle-foot orthoses

A
  • single and double bar AFO’s
  • total contact AFOs
  • off-weight AFOs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

single and double bar AFOs

A
  • metal stirrup or stirrups attached to the shoe with a hinge at the level of the ankle joint
  • cosmetically less accepting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sinlge bar AFOs are primarily for

A

pediatric patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

double bar-primarily for

A

adult patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hybrid single and double bar AFOs

A

-designed using a molded plastic foot orthosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the advantage of using a hybrid single and double bar AFOs

A

-better cosmesis as compared to standard double uprights

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do metal channels within the ankle articulation allow for in single and double bar AFOs

A
  • allow for the application of springs/pins
  • springs allow/resist motion (dorsiflexory assist)
  • pins limit motion (plantarflexory stop)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dorsiflexor assist AFO

A
  • used when dorsiflexors are weak
  • allow controlled loading of the foot from heel strike to FF loading
  • assists swing phase toe clearance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

indications for a plantarflexory stop AFO

A
  • for spasticity of the deep/superficial posterior muscle group
  • spastic eqinus
  • pathology is associated with knee hyperextension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of a plantarflexory stop AFO

A

creates knee flexion moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

indications for a dorsiflexory stop AFO

A
  • weakness or paralysis of ankle plantarflexors

- weakness or paralysis of the quadriceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of a dorsiflexory stop AFO

A

causes a knee extension moment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is another name for a total contact AFO

A

solid ankle AFO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Total contact AFOs

A
  • thermoplastic molded
  • better cosmesis (fits inside the shoe)
  • lightweight
  • cannot accommodate large fluctuations in size
  • inherently warmer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of solid ankle AFOs

A
  • provides maximum control in all 3 planes

- the anterior trim line is at the centre of the malleoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

appearance of floor reaction AFOs

A

-appears very similar to the solid ankle AFO except that the foot plate extends further distally and the ankle is held in slight plantarflexion

21
Q

function of a floor reaction AFOs

A

used to provide sagittal plane knee stability (particularly, prevention of knee flexion collapse pas the middle of midstance)

22
Q

posterior leaf spring AFO

A

similar to the solid ankle AFO except that the posterior ankle is trimmed way back to provide some flexibility

23
Q

which off-loading AFO is most common

A

the patellar tendon bearing (PTB) AFO is the most common

24
Q

function of an off-loading AFO

A

designed to reduce axial loading of the distal limb by applying prosthetic principles at the knee

25
Q

supramalleolar (ankle-foot) Orthoses (SMOs) evoled from

A

UCBL

26
Q

what do SMOs address

A
  • sagittal plane problems and facilitates clearance during swing
  • proximal timelines may be just above the malleoli to just below the muscle belly of the soleus
27
Q

what are SMOs used for

A
  • mimi the effect of high top shoes but with better control
  • may be used as a transitional orthosis
  • may be used for chronic inversion instability
28
Q

what SMOs/SCAFOs/AFOs are most commonly prescribed by DPMs

A
  • Arizona brace (custom gauntlet type of brace)

- Richie brace (functional orthosis footplate with stirrups)

29
Q

when are tension reducing ankle foot orthoses used

A
  • in cerebral palsy, status post CVA and other spastic problems
  • the AFOs can be modified to provide immobilization and prevent deformities as a result of the spastic condition
30
Q

types of knee-ankle foot orthoses

A

Single and Double bar KAFOs
Total contact KAFOs
Unweighting KAFOs

31
Q

general concept of knee ankle foot orthoses

A
  • keep in mind the purpose

- consider the locking mechanisms

32
Q

what are prosthetics

A
  • a prosthesis is a replacement part

- an artificial device used to replace a missing part of the body

33
Q

reasons for amputation

A 
Disease
Trauma
Tumor
Congenital deformity
Pain
34
Q

podiatric implications for prosthetics

A
  • preserving the foot in order to prevent the need for a prosthesis
  • planning the level of amputation
  • shoe fillers can be used for amputations DISTAL to Lis-Franc’s amputation
35
Q

different prothesis require

A
  • different levels of energy consumption, coordination and balance
  • studies have shown that patients who wear less prostheses have less depression
36
Q

long term problems with prosthesis

A 
Edema at the socket
Pressure at the socket causing atrophy of muscle and subcutaneous tissue
Osteoporosis secondary to reduced weight-bearing
Bone spurs
Allergic reactions to socket materials
Cysts
Infections
Reduced blood flow
Stump neuroma
Complaints of tiredness
37
Q

when are shoe fillers primarily used in foot prosthetics

A

for amputations DISTAL to the Lis-Franc’s joint

38
Q

when shoe fillers are used why type of sole is needed

A

rigid sole to prevent the shoe from “curling up”

39
Q

for amputations including Lis-Franc’s and Chopart’s amputation, what type of shoe is needed

A

custom molded shoe should be made to fit the stump otherwise a prosthetic foot will be needed

40
Q

when are prosthetics used

A

-for amputations proximal to Chopart’s, the prosthetic choices are highly variable and dependent upon the level of amputation

41
Q

when is a prosthetic foot required

A

for a Syme’s amputation or any amputation proximal to that area

42
Q

what is the most common prosthetic foot

A
  • the SACH (solid ankle cushioned heel) foot is the most commonly used
  • a polyurethane heel is used which compresses at heel strike to mimic plantarflexion
43
Q

purpose of a single axis foot

A

allows limited dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

44
Q

energy storing foot

A
  • various designs have been created to provide a greater mechanical advantage
  • and reduce the energy consumption required by amputee
45
Q

patellar tendon bearing socket

A
  • designed to eliminate weight bearing on bone

- uses a total contact conept, providing force over the entire area of the residual limb rather than at the distal tip

46
Q

total surface bearing socket design

A

similar to the PTB but eliminates specific contact points

47
Q

liner materials

A

Silicone
Viscoelastic
Urethane

48
Q

Suspension Methods (How the prosthesis is attached)

A

Cuffs
Wedges
Sleeves

Biomechanics Exam 3 (Ash) (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions