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Spinal Orthotics > Orthoses For Trauma And Post-Op > Flashcards

Orthoses For Trauma And Post-Op Flashcards

1
Q

Spondylitis (definition)

A

Inflammation of vertebrae

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2
Q

Spondylosis (definition)

A

Abnormal cervical cartilage wear

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3
Q

Spondylolysis (definition)

A

Unilateral stress fracture of pars interarticularis (L4, L5)

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4
Q

Spondylolisthesis (definition)

A

Bilateral fracture of pars interarticularis with anterior slip (Meyerding grading system 1-4)

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5
Q

Spondyloptosis (definition)

A

Complete slip of vertebrae (Meyerding grade 5 spondylolisthesis)

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6
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis (definition)

A

Eventual ossification of vertebral joints around discs (Marie-Strumpell disease, bamboo appearance on X-ray)

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7
Q

Anterior compression fracture MOI

A

Excessive flexion load on anterior vertebral body (pathologic or traumatic)

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8
Q

Burst Fracture MOI

A

High energy axial load causing burst of vertebrae into fragments (risk of Neuro injury, often with ligamentous injury)

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9
Q

Teardrop fracture MOI

A

Forced flexion w/axial compression causing complete shearing of anterior/inferior aspect of vertebral body (may have displacement of posterior body into spinal canal, more common in C-spine)

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10
Q

Chance fracture MOI

A

High energy anterior flexion with posterior distraction, intrabdominal injuries common (seatbelt injury)

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11
Q

Transverse process fracture MOI

A

Rotation or extreme lateral bending

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12
Q

Spinous process fracture MOI

A

Avulsion injury from sudden exertions of muscular attachment, hyper flexion (clay shoveler’s fracture)

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13
Q

Holdsworth fracture MOI

A

Fracture dislocation from flexion-rotation

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14
Q

Anterior compression fracture orthosis

A

Maintain neutral or extension of vertebrae (CASH, Jewett), generally stable

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15
Q

Burst fracture orthosis

A

If neurologically stable, rigid CTO, TLSO, LSO (also require ORIF if unstable)

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16
Q

Teardrop fracture orthosis

A

Halo for cervical, rigid TLSO for lower (unstable and requires ORIF)

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17
Q

Chance fracture orthosis

A

Semirigid LSO or TLSO

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18
Q

Spinous process fracture orthosis

A

CO, CTO, TLSO, LSO (usually stable)

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19
Q

Holdsworth fracture orthosis

A

Unstable, requires ORIF and rigid TLSO

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20
Q

Level of control for Halo

A

Occiput to C2

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21
Q

Level of control for CO

A

C3 -C5

22
Q

Level of control for CTO

A

C4 - T7

23
Q

Level of control for TLSO

A

T8 - L5

24
Q

Level of control for CASH/Jewett

A

T10 - L3 (T11 - L2)

25
Q

Level of control for LSO

A

L1 - L5

26
Q

Treatable grades for spondylolisthesis

A

Grade 1 and 2 (50% or less slip)

27
Q

Nuclear herniation (definition)

A

Bulging of disc

28
Q

Disc protrusion (definition)

A

Nucleus into annulus

29
Q

Disc extrusion (definition)

A

Nucleus exits annulus

30
Q

Sequestration (definition)

A

Nucleus completely exits disc

31
Q

Jefferson fracture (definition)

A

Fracture of ring of C1 (atlas)

32
Q

Jefferson fracture MOI

A

Hyperextension or axial load

33
Q

Jefferson fracture orthosis

A

Soft collar, CTO, Halo (stable or unstable)

34
Q

Hangman’s fracture (definition)

A

Bilateral pedicle fracture of C2, axis (type 1-3 Levine classification)

35
Q

Hangman’s fracture MOI

A

Hyperextension with distraction

36
Q

Hangman’s fracture orthosis

A

CTO, halo (stable or unstable)

37
Q

Odontoid / Dens fracture (definition)

A

Fracture of odontoid of C2, axis (type 1-3 Anderson and D’Alonzo classification)

38
Q

Odontoid / dens fracture MOI

A

Combo of shear and compression

39
Q

Odontoid / dens fracture orthosis

A

Semi rigid collar, halo (stable or unstable)

40
Q

Facet joint dislocation MOI

A

Lateral flexion w/rotation

41
Q

Facet joint dislocation orthosis

A 
Hard collar (unilateral)
ORIF with Halo (bilateral)
42
Q

Halo adult pin vs pediatric pin number

A

Adult: 4 pins
Pediatric: 6-8 pins

43
Q

Halo adult vs pediatric pin torque

A

Adult: 6-8 inch pounds
Pediatric: 4 inch pounds

44
Q

Halo ring clearance from skull

A

3/8” from skull

3/8” proximal to ear tip

45
Q

Halo pin placement

A

1/2” proximal to brown in lateral 1/3 ‘safe zone’

46
Q

Contraindications for HALO

A

Skull fracture within 1” of pin site

47
Q

Chairback control planes

A

LSO sagittal

48
Q

Knight control planes

A

LSO sagittal-coronal

49
Q

Williams control planes

A

LSO extension-coronal (allows flexion, spondy)

50
Q

Taylor control planes

A

TLSO sagittal

51
Q

Knight-Taylor control planes

A

TLSO sagittal-coronal

52
Q

Contraindications for 2-poster and 4-poster COs

A

Patient intubated

Spinal Orthotics (6 decks)

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