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Orthopedics > Orthopedics > Flashcards

Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

MC peripheral nerve entrapment compression neuropathy

A

Carpel tunnel syndrome - Median nerve - lateral 3.5 fingers

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2
Q

Tendons of rotator cuff

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

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3
Q

Rotator cuff is deficient

A

Inferiorly

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4
Q

MC joint to undergo dislocation

A

Shoulder

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5
Q

MC joint to undergo recurrent dislocation

A

Shoulder

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6
Q

Why Shoulder is MC joint to dislocate?

A

Because of Bankart’s and Hill sacs lesion

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7
Q

MC type of shoulder dislocation?

A

Anterior

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8
Q

ARC of abduction

A

0-15 - supraspinatus
15-90 - deltoid
>90 - serratus anterior, trapezius

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9
Q

External rotation of shoulder done by?

A

T. minor and infraspinatus

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10
Q

Reverse praying hands position test for?

A

Carpel tunnel syndrome - Phalen’s test

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11
Q

Tinel’s sign

A

Direct percussion of Median nerve at wrist

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12
Q

Collateral ligament in knee provides stability in?

A

Coronal plane

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13
Q

Cruciate ligament in knee provides in?

A

Sagittal plane

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14
Q

Most common ligament to undergo degeneration is?

A

Middle meniscus ligament (weight bearing ligament)

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15
Q

Most common ligament to undergo tear is?

A

Middle collateral ligament

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16
Q

Most common ligament to undergo surgery repair is?

A

ACL

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17
Q

MC cause of Hemarthrosis in knee?

A

ACL tear

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18
Q

Middle meniscus ligament tear test?

A

Apley’s McMurrays Test

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19
Q

Cruciates tests

A

Dover and lachmann’s

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20
Q

Ligament needed while going downstairs?

A

ACL

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21
Q

Ligament needed while going upstairs?

A

PCL

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22
Q

Menisci medial and lateral are?

A

cushions/shock absorbers

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23
Q

Collaterals test

A

stress test

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24
Q

MC joint in osteoarthiritis

A

Knee

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25
Q

Sparing of wrist and MCPJ is a feature of?

A

Osteoarthritis

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26
Q

Involvement of wrist and MCPJ is a feature of?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

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27
Q

Osteoarthritis MC muscle involvement

A

Quadriceps femoris

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28
Q

MC non-weight bearing joins involvement in Osteoarthritis?

A

PIP joint - Bouchard’s nodes
DIP joint - Heberden’s nodes

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29
Q

1st x-ray sign of OA

A

asymmetric reduction of joint space (Medial>lateral)

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30
Q

Cock-up splint

A

shaft of humerus fracture - radial nerve palsy

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31
Q

knuckle bender splint

A

Claw hand deformity - ulnar nerve palsy

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32
Q

Thumb free in cast - elderly female

A

Collie’s fracture - handshake cast

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33
Q

Thumb covered in cast - young male

A

scaphoid cast - holding cast

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34
Q

Cylinder/tube cast used in?

A

Patella fracture

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35
Q

MC pin used

A

Steinmann pin

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36
Q

Components of skeletal traction

A

Steinmann’s pin
Denham’s pin
K-wire
Bohler’s stirrup

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37
Q

k-nail characteristics?

A

hollow
Intra-medullary nail
fracture shaft of femur and tibia

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38
Q

Seddon’s classification

A

Neurapraxia - demyelination - physiological conduction block
Axonotmesis - axonal disruption
Neurotmesis - axon+nerve sheath distruption - complete anatomical conduction block

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39
Q

Neurapraxia - demyelination

A

Postural n palsy - sat night palsy - radial nerve - cockup splint

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40
Q

hangman’s fracture

A

Axis bone

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41
Q

chance fracture

A

seat belt injury - jack knife injury

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42
Q

Jeffersons fracture

A

ring of C1 - bursting fracture

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43
Q

Cobb’s angle

A

Scoliosis

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44
Q

Kite’s angle

A

CTEU/Club foot

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45
Q

Bohler’s angle

A

Fracture calcaneum

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46
Q

Pauwel’s angle

A

Neck of femur

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47
Q

Monteggia’s fracture

A

Fracture of proximal 1/3rd of ulna with radial head dislocation

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48
Q

Galezzi’s fracture

A

Fracture of middle and distal 1/3rd of radius with distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation

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49
Q

Nightstick fracture

A

Fracture of shaft of ulna

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50
Q

Collie’s fracture

A

Distal end of radius with extra-articular displacement away from wrist

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51
Q

Smith’s fracture

A

Distal end of radius with extra-articular displacement anterior/volar

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52
Q

MC complication of Smith’s fracture

A

Malunion - gardener spade deformity

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53
Q

MC complication of Collie’s fracture

A

Finger stiffness - malunion - dinner fork deformity

54
Q

MC stress fracture

A

tibia>2nd metacerpel (March fracture)

55
Q

IOC stress fracture

A

MRI Unilateral
Bone scan bilateral

56
Q

MC open fracture

57
Q

MC Pathological Fracture bone

A

Vertebrae body T12

58
Q

MC Tarsal bone #

59
Q

MC Metacarpal bone #

A

5th Metacarpal - neck - boxer’s #

60
Q

MC Metatarsal bone #

A

5th - base - Jones #

61
Q

MC complication clavicle #

62
Q

MC complication proximal humerous

63
Q

MC complication Supra Condylar #humerous

64
Q

MC complication # lateral condyle humorous

65
Q

MC complication # Neck of femur

66
Q

MC complication # IT Femur

67
Q

MC complication # scaphoid

68
Q

MC complication # Neck Talus

A

Subtalar arthritis

69
Q

MC cause of Genu varus in adults

A

Osteo-Arthritis

70
Q

MC cause of Genu varus in children

71
Q

2 yo baby multiple fractures sign of violence

A

Battered baby syndrome

72
Q

2 yo baby multiple long bone fractures + blue sclera + poor dentition + diaphyseal fractures and bow deformities

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta/Brittle bone disease

73
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta/Brittle bone disease gene?

A

COL1A1 gene

74
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta/Brittle bone disease amino acid substitution?

A

glycine substratanlion type 1 collagen synthesis defect

75
Q

2-month baby, bone marrow suppression, excess white bone which diseases?

A

Osteopetrosis/Marble bone disease

76
Q

x-ray rugger jersey spine

A

osteopetrosis + renal osteodystrophy (more common)

77
Q

DOC Paget’s disease

A

bisphosphonates

78
Q

IOC/gold std investigation for osteoporosis

A

DEXA scan - Tscore - less than -2.5 – calculates bone mineral density

79
Q

DOC osterporosis

A

Bisphosphonates

80
Q

Mc site of origin of TB hip

A

Acetabulum roof

81
Q

Stage 1 of TB hip

A

Synovitis
capsular distension
painful highly
Attitude FAbEr

82
Q

Stage 2 TB hip

A

Early arthritis
Less painful
Attitude FAdEr
x-ray less joint space
limp shortening <1cm

83
Q

Stage 3 TB hip

A

Advanced arthritis
Painless
Attitude LAdIr
Limb shortening >1 cm

84
Q

Stage 4 TB hip

A

Subluxation/Dislocation
Wandering hip joint

85
Q

MC causative agent of osteomyelitis

A

Overall: staph aureus
Sickel cell: Salmonella

86
Q

Mc route of spread of osteomyelitis

A

Hematopenous

87
Q

MC site of osteomyelitis

A

Metaphysis of distal femur

88
Q

MC site of Brodies abscess

89
Q

MC site of Garre’s osteomyelitis

90
Q

What is Brodies abscess?

A

Subacute osteomyelitis

91
Q

MC causative agent of septic arthritis

A

Staph aureus

92
Q

MC site of Septic arthritis

93
Q

Sequestrum

A

Necrotic bone
pathological hallmark of chronic osteomyelitis

94
Q

0-1 year Tx club foot

A

Ponseti’s technique
manipulation by doctor and casting (POP cast application)
sequential correction

95
Q

Club foot splint

A

Denis Brown splint (night)
CTEV shoes (day)

96
Q

1-3 year Tx club foot

A

PMSTR - Posteromedial tissue release

97
Q

More than 3 year Tx club foot

A

Bony surgery

98
Q

More than 10 year Tx club foot

A

Triple arthrodesis

99
Q

Steps of Biological fracture healing

A
  1. Fracture hematoma <7 days
  2. Inflammation 2-3 weeks
  3. Soft callus 3rd week (1st visible x-ray sign)
  4. Woven bone/Hard callus 4-6 weeks (1st clinical sign of fracture union)
  5. Remodeling 2-3 years
100
Q

MC benign bone tumor not true bone tumor

A

Osteochondroma
(bony stalk with cartilage cap)

101
Q

MC true benign bone tumor

A

Nidus (Osteoid <2 cm full of prostaglandins) + peripheral sclerotic rim (osteoma)

102
Q

Pain relived by Aspirin in which bone tumor?

A

Osteoid osteoma

103
Q

Sun ray/Sun burst appearance

A

Osteosarcoma

104
Q

Soap bubble appearance is seen in?

A

Giant cell tumor

105
Q

Multiple blood-filled sinusoids

A

Aneurysmal bone cyst

106
Q

Run over injury
Hypotension + tachycardia
blood at tip of external ureteral meatus
Bladder/ureteral injury

A

Hypovolemic shock (avg blood loss: 2 liters)
Immediate management: pelvic external fixator

107
Q

MC complication of posterior and anterior hip dislocations

A

Avascular necrosis

108
Q

Posterior hip dislocation nerve injured?

A

Sciatic Nerve

109
Q

Anterior hip dislocation nerve injured?

A

Femoral nerve

110
Q

MC cause of Anterior hip dislocation

A

Bike accident

111
Q

MC cause of Posterior hip dislocation

A

Car accident dashboard injury

112
Q

Attitude in Post hip dislocation

113
Q

Attitude in Ant hip dislocation

114
Q

MC site of Pott’s spine

A

Lower thoracic spine

115
Q

1st x-ray sign of Pott’s spine

A

Decrease in TV disc space

116
Q

Multiple Enchondromatoses of hand

A

Ollier’s disease of Maffucci’s disease

117
Q

Enchondromatoses happens in?

A

Hands more than feet and single more than multiple

118
Q

Types of lesions in Pott’s spine

A

Paradiscal
Central
Anterior
Posterior

119
Q

Anderson Gustillo classification

A
  1. open fracture with a wound <1 cm
  2. open fracture with a wound >1 cm without extensive soft-tissue damage
  3. open fracture with extensive soft-tissue damage
    3a. 3 with adequate soft tissue coverage
    3b. 3 with soft tissue loss and periosteal stripping and bone exposure
    3c. 3 with arterial injury needing repair
120
Q

Muscle in the second compartment of wrist

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus

121
Q

Short 4th and 5th metacarpal is seen in?

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

122
Q

Gower’s sign is seen in?

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

123
Q

Double medial malleolus is a sign of?

124
Q

Which ligament is involved in pes-planus (flat foot)?

A

Spring ligament

125
Q

Froment’s sign is a feature of?

A

Ulnar nerve palsy

126
Q

Sun ray appearance of osteosarcoma is due to?

A

Vascular calcification

127
Q

Triple deformity of tubercular arthritis of knee is?

A

Flexion
Posterior (lateral) subluxation
External rotation

128
Q

Spina ventosa is?

A

Tubercular dactylitis and is seen in phalanges

129
Q

Gallow’s traction is used for the fracture of?

A

Shaft of femur

130
Q

Bumper fracture is?

A

Fracture of lateral tibial plateau

131
Q

Which nerve is injured in the fracture of fibula?

A

Common peroneal nerve

Orthopedics (1 decks)

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