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SURGERY > Orthopedics > Flashcards

Orthopedics Flashcards

1
Q

6 Ps of compartment syndrome

A

Pain
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Poikilothermia

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2
Q

Kellgren lawrence Grading of knee osteoarthritis

A

Grade 0 (none): Definite absence of x-ray changes of osteoarthritis

Grade I - Doubtful (joint space narrowing and osteophyte lipping)

Grade II - Minimal (Possible joint space narrowing and definite osteophytes)

Grade III - Moderate (Definite joint space narrowing, multiple osteophytes, and some sclerosis

Grade IV - Severe (Marked joint space narrowing, large osteophytes, severe sclerosis and definite deformity of bone ends)

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3
Q

4 Findings of interest in Kellgren Lawrence classification of Osteoarthritis

A

1) Joint space narrowing
2) Osteophytes
3) Subchondral sclerosis
4) Subchondral cysts

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4
Q

Contents of Carpal tunnel

A
  • Median nerve
  • Flexor pollicis longus tendon
  • 4 tendons of Flexor digitorum superficialis
  • 4 tendons of Flexor digitorum profundus
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5
Q

Define Kochers criteria and its variables

A

> Criteria used to differentiate between septic arthritis and transient tenosynovitis in pediatric patients with inflamed hip

> Inability to bear weight
Temp > 38.5ºC
ESR > 40
WBC > 12,000

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6
Q

What is the most common ligamentous ankle injury? What is the mechanism of injury

A

Anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATFL) tear

> Forceful Inversion + plantarflexion of the foot

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7
Q

Forceful inversion of the foot in dorsiflexed position causes tears in what ligament?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

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8
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones

A

Palmar surface of R hand (Counter clockwise):

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Pisiform
Triquetrum
Lunate
Scaphoid

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9
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand: Thenar

A

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

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10
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand: Hypothenar

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

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11
Q

Attachments of the ACL and the PCL

A

ACL - Anterior tibial plateau > Lateral femoral intercondylar notch

PCL - Posterior tibial plateau > Medial femoral intercondylar notch

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12
Q

Blood and Nerve supply to the ACL

A

MGA-PAN
> Middle geniculate artery
> Posterior articular nerve

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13
Q

Mechanism of injury in ACL tear

A

Valgus force to an internally rotated knee in hyperextension

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14
Q

Most sensitive test for ACL tear

A

Lachman’s test
> 95% sensitivity
> Positive if with mushy endpoint

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15
Q

Most specific test for ACL tear

A

Pivot shift test
> 98% specificity
> Positive if with tibial subluxation

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16
Q

Components of the Pes anserinus

A

> Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

17
Q

Colles’ Fracture description

A

Fracture of the distal radius with dorsal displacement of the distal segment, wrist and hand

18
Q

Smith’s Fracture description

A

Fracture of the distal radius with volar displacement of the distal segment, wrist, and hand

18
Q

Monteggia fracture description

A

Fracture at the proximal ulna, with displacement of the proximal radial head

19
Q

Galeazzi fracture description

A

Fracture at the distal radius with displacement of the DRUJ

20
Q

Nerve affected in Colles’ fracture

A

Median nerve

21
Q

Fracture of the distal third of the humerus causing entrapment of the radial nerve

A

Holstein Lewis’ fracture

22
Q

CAVE deformity in clubfoot

A

Cavus of the midfoot
Adduction of the forefoot
Varus of the hindfoot
Equinus of the hindfoot

23
Q

Casting method used to correct Talipes Equinovarus (Club foot)

A

Ponseti Casting method

24
Q

Type of Union/Nonunion wherein there is absence of tenderness or motion at fracture site with no pain on loading

A

Clinical union

25
Q

Type of Union/Nonunion wherein there is presence of visible bridging tabeculae on 3/4 cortices on X-ray

A

Radiologic Union

26
Q

Type of Nonunion is caused by excessive strain at fracture site despite good blood supply

A

Hypertrophic Nonunion

27
Q

Type of Nonunion that is caused by soft tissue damage, periosteal stripping, and has poor blood supply

A

Atrophic Nonunion

28
Q
A

SURGERY (13 decks)

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