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Part 4 Boards > Orthopedic exams > Flashcards

Orthopedic exams Flashcards

1
Q

hoovers

A

malingering

supine, place hands under heels and tell patient to lift the weakened leg

+ no downward pressure on uninvolved side

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2
Q

burns bench

A

malingering

kneeling on table, bend forward

+ refusal because of back pain

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3
Q

magnusons

A

malingering

ask patient to locate pain, distract, and ask again

+ if change location

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4
Q

mannkopfs

A

malingering

monitor pulse and press on painful site

+ no increase in pulse

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5
Q

anterior ankle drawer

A

anterior talo fibular lig

supine, stabilize tibia, pull CALCANEUS anteriorly

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6
Q

posterior ankle drawer

A

posterior talofib lig

supine, stabilize dorsum of foot, pull TIBIA anteriorly

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7
Q

godfrey sag sign

A

PCL

supine, patient bends knees, doctor lifts ankles off table

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8
Q

sag sign

A

PCL

supine, patient bends knees, doctor observes

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9
Q

extension posterior sag sign

A

PCL

supine, doctor lifts both legs by heels off table, comparing knee sag bilaterally

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10
Q

fairbanks test

A

knee or patellar apprehension

supine, knee extended, manually displace patella laterally and observe patients face

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11
Q

apleys test

A

menisci and collaterals

prone, patients knee flexed
compress down and twist
distract and twist

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12
Q

mcmurrays test

A

supine with hip and knee flexed

externally rotate and extend (MCL)
internally rotate and extend (LCL)

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13
Q

patellar tap test

A

effusion

supine, milk down to superor pole and press patella

+ based on feeling

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14
Q

ballotment test

A

major effusion

supine, compress patella, release

+ if rebound

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15
Q

clarkes test

A

CMP

supine, traction patella inferior and patient contracts quads

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16
Q

fouchets test

A

CMP

supine, compress patella, if no pain, rub sideways

if painful + perkins sign

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17
Q

lachmans test

A

BEST ACL TEST

supine, knee slightly flexed, stabilzie femur and pull PA on leg

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18
Q

slocums test

A

ACL, MCL, LCL, instability

anterior drawer test with rotation

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19
Q

drawer test for knee

A

supine with knee flexed
anterior pull PA (ACL)
posterior push AP (PCL)

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20
Q

ligament stability for the knee

A

supine, abduct for MCL and adduct for LCL

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21
Q

tinels test for knee

A

common peroneal nerve

seated or supine, tap over the lateral fibular head

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22
Q

apparent (functional) leg length

A

supine, compare measurement from umbilicus to each medial malleolus

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23
Q

actual (structural) leg length

A

supine, compare measurement from ASIS to each ipsilateral lateral malleolus

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24
Q

allis leg length test

A

supine with knees flexed and feet together, compare femur and tibia length

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25
Q

laguerres test

A

hip

supine, FABRE in the air

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26
Q

patricks or FABRE test

A

hip

supine, rest heel on opposite knee to make a 4

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27
Q

Thomas test

A

hip flexor contracture

supine, uninvolved knee to chest

+ involved side raises

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28
Q

anvil test

A

hip

supine, leg straight and strike heel

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29
Q

gauvains tests

A

TB of the hip

side lying, extend and rotate hip feeling abdominals

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30
Q

obers test

A

TFL contracture

side lying, abduct and extend hip and release

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31
Q

nobles test

A

IT band syndrome

supine with hip and knee flexed, press lateral femoral condyle with thumb while extending knee to 30*

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32
Q

ludloffs test

A

lesser trochanter fracture

seated, raise involved thigh off table

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33
Q

trendelenburgs test

A

gluteus medius weakness

standing, raise uninvolved foot off the floor

+ glutei drop

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34
Q

yeomans

A

SI

extend hip with SI stabilization

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35
Q

nachlas test

A

SI, lumbar spine

bring heel to buttock with SI stabilization

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36
Q

elys sign

A

psoas contracture

bring heel to buttock without stabilization of SI

+ buttock hunch

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37
Q

elys test

A

low back pain

bring heel to contralateral buttock without stabilization

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38
Q

squish test

A

aka gapping
aka SI distraction

SI

supine, hands on ASIS, facing get, push down SI at 45 degree angle

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39
Q

erichsens test

A

SI

prone, squeeze SI joints together bilaterally

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40
Q

pideallus test

A

aka seated flexion sign

SI

seated on flat surface, palpate PSIS, have patient bend forward and touch their toes

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41
Q

SI resisted abduction

A

SI

sidelying, abduct and extend patients leg, dr exerts downward force

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42
Q

double leg raiser

A

SI and lumbar spine

supine, SLR one side, and then the other, note what angle pain occurs at

then raise both legs and note what angle pain occurs at

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43
Q

Hibbs test

A

SI or hip

prone, flex the knee and internally rotate hip

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44
Q

iliac compressions

A

SI

sidelying, press down on SI

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45
Q

Lewin gaenslens

A

SI

side lying gaenslens, stabilize pelvis and extend hip

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46
Q

gaenslens test

A

best SI test

supine, knee to chest, involved side hip extension off edge of table

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47
Q

goldthwaits

A

level of lesion: SI or lumbar

supine, flex hip while palpating low back

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48
Q

supported Adams tests

A

aka belt test

pain better with support: SI
pain worse with support: lumbar

standing, flex trunk without/ with support

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49
Q

anterior innominate test

A

self explanatory

standing, advance uninvolved leg and flex trunk

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50
Q

Lewin standing test

A

tight hamstrings or lesion

standing, pull each knee into extension, then both, while stabilizing pelvis

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51
Q

neri bowing test

A

aka bowing, curtsy, buckle

standing, trunk flexion without/with knee flexion

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52
Q

beerys sign

A

aka chair sign

hamstring

sitting relieves discomfort

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53
Q

tripod sign

A

hamstring

seated, observed during bechterews

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54
Q

stork test

A

+ pain = pars instability

standing on one leg, patient leans back

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55
Q

femoral nerve traction test

A

side lying, dr grasps affected leg and extends hip while knee is bent

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56
Q

reversal sign

A

+ pain when coming up = facet

standing, bend forward, then come up

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57
Q

prone lumbar hyperextension test

A

lumbar strain sprain

prone, dr stabilizes ankles and patient attempts to extend torso off the table

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58
Q

bechterews test

A

sciatica, disc, hamstrings

seated with hands on knees, extend one knee, then the other, then both

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59
Q

soto test

A

relieves piriformis

supine, SLR with hip in abduction and external rotation

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60
Q

bonnets test

A

sciatica from pirformis

supine, SLR with hip in adduction and internal rotation

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61
Q

kemps test

A

localized pain = facet

patient standing or seated, rotate, laterally flex, and extend

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62
Q

bowstrings test

A

aka cram test and popliteal pressure sign

supine, SLR, relax knee, apply politeal pressure

+ radiculopathy

63
Q

lindners sign

A

supine, flex upper trunk into C

+ radiculopathy = lateral disc

64
Q

fajersztajns test

A

supine, WLR, down 5 degrees, dorsiflex foot

+ radiculopathy = medial disc

65
Q

WLR

A

+ radiculopathy = medial disc

supine, lift uninvolved side

66
Q

turyns test

A

supine, extend big toe

+ radic = SI or lumbar spine

67
Q

sicards test

A

supine, SLR down 5 degrees, extend big toe

+ radic = SI or lumbar spine

68
Q

braggards test

A

supine, SLR down 5 degrees, dorsiflex foot

+ radic = SI or lumbar spine

69
Q

lasegues differential sign

A

supine, SLR until radiculopathy occurs, then doctor flexes knee

relieves pain = rules out hip problem

70
Q

seated lasegues test

A

seated, extend knee on involved side

+ radic = SI or lumbar spine

71
Q

lasegues test

A

aka SLR

supine, flex hip on involved side

+ radic = SI or lumbar spine

72
Q

minors sign

A

patient pushes of univolved sid leg or chair arm when getting up

+ sciatica

73
Q

amoss sign

A

supine or side lying, patient rises to a seated position

+ thoracic pain

74
Q

lewin supine test

A

supine, stabilize legs as patient attemps to sit up

+ instability

75
Q

chest expansion test

A

seated erect or standing, tape measure at T4 level, patient expires, then inspires

+ if less than 2 inches

76
Q

forestiers bowstring test

A

standing, feel paraspinals, as patient laterally flexes

+ if ipsilateral contraction

77
Q

tuning fork on ribs test

A

seated, prone, supine
locate pain, place 128 tuning fork on area

fracture = increase in local pain

78
Q

spinous process tuning fork test

A

seated, prone
place 128 tuning fork on SPs

fracture = increase in local pain

79
Q

spinous percussion test

A

seated or prone
percuss SPs

fracture = increase in local pain

80
Q

schepelmanns test

A

seated or standing
laterally felx, clasping hands over head

ipsilateral pain - intercostal neuritis
contralateral pain - pleurisy or myofascitis

81
Q

rib compression test

A

seated, from behind, squeeze forearms on side

fracture = increase in local pain

82
Q

adams positions

A

adams test in 3 positions

standing, seating, kneeling

83
Q

adams test

A

standing, examine spine as patient flexes forward with SHOES OFFF!

improvement - functional scoliosis
no improvement - structural scoliosisa

84
Q

wrinke shrivel test

A

seated, place hand in tepid water for 5 min

+ if no pad wrinkle = denervation

85
Q

finsterers test

A

seated, pronated fistm strike base of 3rd metacarpal

+ kienbocks

86
Q

bracelet test

A

seated, grasp and compress distal radius and ulna

+ in RA, ganglion cyst, carpal tunnel

87
Q

retinaculum test

A

seated, 1. with MCP extened, flex DIP
2. with MCP flexed, flex DIP

  1. if decreased DIP flexion = intrinsic muscle problem
  2. if decreased DIP flexion = DIP problem
88
Q

bunnel littlers test

A

seated, 1. with MCP extened, flex PIP
2. with MCP flexed, flex PIP

  1. if decreased PIP flexion = intrinsic muscle problem
  2. if decreased PIP flexion = PIP problem
89
Q

finkelsteins test

A

seated, bring thumb up in palm, make fist, and ulnar deviate

+ dequervains disease

90
Q

froments test

A

seated, pull paper from between patients index and adducted thumb

+ ulnar nerve issue

91
Q

pinch test

A

seated, bring index and thimb tips together

+ median nerve issue

92
Q

reverse phalens test

A

aka prayers sign

seated, palms together, extend wrists

+ median nerve / carpal tunnel

93
Q

phalens test

A

seated, dorsum of hands together, flexing wrists

+ median nerve / carpal tunnel

94
Q

tinels of the wrist

A

seated, tap over flexors retinaculum

+ median nerve / carpal tunnel

95
Q

tinels of the elbow

A

seated, tap between olecranon and medial epicondyle

+ ulnar nerve entrapment

96
Q

ligament instability of the elbow

A

seated, abduct for MCL, and adduct for LCL

+ ligament instability

97
Q

reverse cozens test

A

seated, resist patient wrist flexion

+ medial epicondylitis

98
Q

cozens test

A

seated, resisted patient wrist extension

+ lateral epicondylitis

99
Q

mills test

A

seated, pronate and flex patients wrist

+ lateral epicondylitis

100
Q

passive scapular retraction approximation test

A

prone, lift shoulder blades and back

+ pain = T1/2 nerve root

101
Q

codmans test

A

standing, abduct past 90*

+ rotator cuff

102
Q

supraspinatus test

A

seated, thumb down, patient arm 90 of abduction, resist drs downward force

+ supraspinatus

103
Q

supraspinatus arc test

A

standing, resist patients arm abudction through entire 180* of movement

supraspinatus = pain 10-20 degreees and 90-110 degrees
deltoid = pain 20-90 degrees
104
Q

impingement test

A

seated, passively fully flex patients arm

+ biceps or supraspinatus tear

105
Q

speeds test

A

seated with arm extended, resist patient shoulder flexion

+ bicpital tendinitis

106
Q

yergasons test

A

seated, resist patients elbow flexion and supination

+ bicep tendon instability

107
Q

abott saunders test

A

seated, dr passively abducts arm, exernally rotate while palpating lesion, then lower arm

+ biceps

108
Q

dawbarns test

A

seated, press on bursa, then abduct arm while continuing pressure on bursa

decrease pressure during abduction = bursitis

109
Q

calloways test

A

seated measure vertical shoulder curcumferences

+ increase in girth = dislocation

110
Q

apprehension test of the shoulder

A

seated with arm in hostage position, stress humerus anteriorly

+ pain or apprehensive = dislocation

111
Q

dugas test

A

seated, touch opposite shoulder and bring elbow down

+ dislocation

112
Q

Marion shoulder rock test

A

seated, touch opposite shoulder and bring elbow up and down

+ pathology (vague)

113
Q

apleys scratch test

A

seated, touch ipsilateral scapula behind head from superior to inferior

testing ROM

114
Q

reverse bakodys test

A

seated, hand on head

+ increase in pain = TOS / cervical issue

115
Q

Roos provocation

A

aka EAST or elevated arm stress test

seated, hostage position, pump hands

indicates vascular insuffeciency

116
Q

allens maneuver

A

seated, flex elbow 90 degrees, extend arm, horizontal abduction, externally rotate arm, patient rotates head to each side, palpate pulse

TOS

117
Q

wrights test

A

seated, passively hyperabduct each arm (well side first), palpate pulse

+ pectoralis minor

118
Q

edens test

A

seated, shoulders down and back, break frontal plane, palpate pulse

+ costoclavicular

119
Q

halsteads test

A

seated, extend head and traction arm down, palpate pulse

TOS

120
Q

modified adsons test

A

seated, rotate away from involved side and extend, palpate pulse

+ scalenus medius / cervical rib

121
Q

adsons test

A

seated, rotate towards involved side and extend, palpate pulse

+ scaleus anticus / cervical rib

122
Q

bicycle/stoop test

A

cardivascular exercises upright until claudication, then stooped forward

+ relief of pain = neurogenic claudication

123
Q

claudication test

A

standing, march in place
when pain occurs bend forward and see if it relieves pain

+ relief = neurogenic claudication

124
Q

homans test

A

supine, dorsiflex foot only

+ thrombophlebitis

125
Q

barre lieous test

A

seated, patient actively maximally rotate head side to side several times

+ VBAI

126
Q

buergers test

A

supine, elevate leg to 45 degree, hold, lower leg and help patient sit up with both legs dangling

+ immediate blanching when elevated or more than 2 minutes for color to return when seated = lower arterial incompetency

127
Q

allens test

A

seated, patient extends both hands palm up and squeezes one, doctor compresses radial and ulnar arteries, patient opens fist and doctor releases one artery (done to both arteries bilaterally)

upper arterial incompetency

128
Q

barany nylen test

A

seated, turn head, then lay supine with head off table

+ nystagmus fatigues = benign positional vertigo

129
Q

mittlemeyers test

A

standing, march in place eyes opened and then closed

+ rotate toward side of lesion

130
Q

dizziness test

A

aka swivel chair test

seated, 1. patient rotates head, then 2. patient rotates body as dr holds head neutral

dizziness in 1 and 2 = cervicgoencic
dizziness in 1 only = vestibular

131
Q

hall pikes test

A

supine, extend head off table, add rotation and lateral flexion, then unsupported extension

(rotate right checks for right side pathological occlusion or left side physiological occlusion)

+ VBAI = nausea, dizziness, nystagmus

132
Q

dekleyns test

A

supine, supported rotation and extension of the head

+ VBAI = nausea, dizziness, nystagmus

133
Q

maignes test

A

aka Vertebral basilar artery insufficiency test

steated, rotate and extend head

auscultate carotids if stethoscope is present

+ VBAI = nausea, dizziness, nystagmus

134
Q

kernigs test

A

supine, hip and knee flexed to 90 degrees, extend knee

+ knee kicks = meningeal irritation

135
Q

brudzinskis test

A

supine, flex neck

+ knees buckle = meningeal irritation

136
Q

valsalva sign

A

seated, take a deep breath, hold, and bear down

increase pain = SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)

137
Q

naffzigers test

A

seated, digitally compress both internal jugulars veins

SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)

138
Q

milgrams test

A

supine, raise and hold legs 3 inches off the table

SOL (disc, fracture, tumor) or low back

139
Q

dejerines triad

A

patient has pain when coughing, sneezing, or during a bowel movement

SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)

140
Q

swallowing test

A

seated, instruct patient to swallow

SOL (disc, fracture, tumor)

141
Q

rusts sign

A

patient hold their head

ADI instability

142
Q

cervical compression test

A

seated, direct compression

IVF encroachment

143
Q

jacksons test

A

seated laterally flex and compress

IVF encroachment

144
Q

maximal cervical compression

A

seated, rotate and extend head

IVF encroachment

145
Q

spurlings test

A

seated, rotate and extend head, then compress

Disc and IVF encroachment

146
Q

bakodys test

A

seated, hand on head

+ decrease in pain = nerve root

147
Q

shoulder depression test

A

seated or supine, lateral flexion stretch

increase pain = nerve root adhesions

148
Q

cervical distraction test

A

seated, lift head and avoid TMJ

+ decrease pain = nerve root
+ increase pain = muscle strain

149
Q

o donoghues test

A

varies, active, then passive ROM

active pain = strain
passive pain = sprain

150
Q

L hermittes

A

seated, neck flexion

+ electric shock = MS or cervical myelopathy

151
Q

sternal compression test

A

supine, cross arms on chest and apply pressure on sternum

+ pain = rib or thorax lesion

152
Q

soto hall

A

supine, cross arms on chest with passive neck flexion and sternum stabilization

+ pain = cervical myelopathy

153
Q

libmans test

A

seated, pressure on mastoid

used to assess pain threshold

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