Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CEN > Orthopedic Emergncies > Flashcards

Orthopedic Emergncies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary mechanisms of injury for Orthopedic Emergencies?

A

Motor vehicle crashes
Assaults
Falls
Sports/recreation
Injuries (other)
Occupational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common injuries for passengers in MVCs?

A

Pelvic and femur fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the most common injuries for drivers in MVCs?

A

Pelvic, femur, and ankle fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some key points about orthopedic emergencies?

A
  • Can have significant blood loss.
  • fracture with vascular compromise is a high priority.
  • Fat embolism - complication of lower extremity fracture, pelvic fracture, or multiple fractures. (Usu. happens 12-24 hours post injury. Manifestations are the same as with PE but also common to have petechiae.)
  • Takes a lot of force to fracture scapula and 1st and 2nd ribs. (Look for other injuries)
  • Perform neuromuscular check pre and post splinting.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What should you be looking for with Neurovascular checks?

A

Pain
Pallor
Pulses
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Temperature
Capillary refill.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

About Fingertip Injuries:

A
  • Appear inconsequential
  • Associated with fracture/crush injuries
  • May need trephination for subungual hematoma.
  • High Pressure Paint/grease guns can have serious outcomes (may need surgery).
  • Can become limb threatening.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Specific Considerations about Impaled objects:

A
  • Remove Surgically
  • Nail Guns use nails coated twin special adhesive.
  • Wood impalement may lead to infection.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Specifics related to Gunshot Wounds:

A

Damage depends on:
- Type of weapon
- size of ammunition
- distance from weapon
- trajectory
Forensic concerns:
- paper bag for clothes, cut clothes around holes
- paper bags on hands
- do not chart entrance/exit wound, just chart appearance of wound.
- use non metal forceps to remove bullet.
- chat what patient says in quotations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some complications that can occurs with Crush Injuries?

A
  • Myoglobinuria
  • Extracellular fluid loss
  • Hyperkalemia
  • Renal failure
  • Shock
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a Sprain?

A

Stretching/tearing of ligaments.
Most common is ankle inversion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 categories of Sprains?

A

1st degree
- no joint instability
- minimal swelling/discoloration
2nd degree
- Partial tear
- joint intact
- more swelling/discoloration
3rd degree
- Complete disruption
- unstable joint
- increased swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Strain?

A

Stretching or tearing of muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the usual muscles that are involved in a Strain?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Bicep
  • Hamstring
  • Quadriceps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some considerations with Amputations?

A
  • Bleeding is often controlled by arterial spasm and retraction.
  • Apply direct pressure to stump (use tourniquet if needed.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Procedure for saving amputated Body part:

A
  • rinse with NS/LR
  • sterile 4x4 soaked in NS
  • Put in plastic bag
  • Place in second plastic bag with crushed ice.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What not to do with amputated body part:

A

DO NOT:
- use distilled water
- Place directly on ice
- place in water
- use iodine

17
Q

What is Compartment Syndrome?

A
  • Increased interstitial pressure within muscle compartment which occurs most frequently in lower leg and forearm.
  • Etiologies include both internal and external sources.
  • Ischemia occurs within 5 hours.
  • Irreversible damage occurs in 8-12 hours.
  • Normal pressure is < 20 mm Hg
18
Q

What are some causes of Compartment Syndrome?

A
  • Crush injuries
  • Burns
  • Traction
  • Hypothermia
  • Arterial Cannulation
  • Fractures (most common cause)
  • Bites
  • Air splint/PASG
  • Frostbite
  • Casts
  • Chronic Compartment syndrome
  • High pressure injection of foreign substances
  • Rhabdomyolysis
19
Q

What are the manifestations of Compartment Syndrome?

A
  • Pain
  • Pallor
  • Decreased sensation
  • pulselessness
  • weakness to extremity
  • tense swelling
  • Increased capillary refill
20
Q

What is the treatment for Compartment Syndrome?

A
  • Place at level of heart.
  • Remove constricting factors.
  • No Ice.
  • Continuous monitoring.
  • Hyaluronidase (provider injects to loosen fibers).
  • Emergent Fasciotomy
21
Q

What is a Dislocation?

A
  • Displacement of bone ends over joints (articular surfaces of bones are no longer in contact.
  • Can be partial or complete.
  • Possible nerve/vein/arterial damage from compression, stretching, or ischemia.
22
Q

What are the manifestations of Dislocations?

A
  • severe pain
  • joint deformity
  • inability to move joint
  • swelling
  • point tenderness
23
Q

What are some complications of Dislocations?

A
  • Ischemia
  • Aseptic necrosis (if joint is not put back in timely manner)
  • Recurrent dislocations.
24
Q

What are the types of Fractures:

A
  • Transverse
  • Oblique
  • Spiral
  • Comminuted
  • Impacted
  • Compression
  • Greenstick
  • Avulsion
  • Depressed
  • Torus
  • Colles
  • Smith
  • Navicular
25
Q

What is a Comminuted fracture?

A

Fracture with 2 or more fragments

26
Q

What is a compression fracture?

A

No disruption of cortex

27
Q

What is a Torus fracture?

A

Buckle on one side with no disruption of cortex.

28
Q

What is a Colles fracture?

A

Distal radius fracture on outstretched hand.

29
Q

What is a Smith fracture?

A

Distal radius fracture on flexed hand.

30
Q

What s important about Epiphyseal Fractures?

A
  • Can affect future growth from early closure of plates and can cause shortening of limbs or angulation.
  • Salter-Harris classifications determine type of epiphyseal fracture.
31
Q

What are the Manifestations of femur/hip fracture?

A
  • Shortening of extremity.
  • External/Internal rotation.
    *Can be life threatening due to blood loss.
32
Q

Specific considerations about Pelvic Fractures:

A
  • Can be life threatening due to blood loss and hemorrhagic shock.
  • Second most common cause of death from trauma related events.
  • Mortality rate of 8-10% with closed hip fractures.
  • use Pelvic binder
  • Need to rule out before turning to inspect back.
33
Q

What are some manifestations of Pelvic Fractures?

A
  • Pelvic Instability
  • Pain
  • Muscle spasms
  • Ecchymosis
  • Hematuria
  • Inability to bear weight
  • Shock
34
Q

What are some injuries associated with Pelvic Fractures?

A
  • Bladder injuries
  • Genital trauma
  • Lumbosacral trauma
  • Ruptured internal organs
35
Q

Special Considerations with regard to Pediatric Orthopedic emergencies:

A
  • Epiphyseal fractures - go comparison views.
  • Loss of 300-1000 mL of blood can be significant.
  • bones are more porous/flexible leading to incomplete fractures.
  • Clavicle fracture is most prevalent.
  • Limping is rare.
  • Be alert for abuse.
36
Q

Orthopedic Signs of pediatric abuse:

A
  • Skull fractures
  • multiple fractures in varying stages of healing.
  • Rib fractures
  • Scapular fractures
  • Sternal fractures
  • Vertebral fractures
  • Distal clavicular fractures
  • Spiral fractures of long bones
  • Transverse fractures
  • repeated fracture at same site
  • Multiple, bilateral, or symmetric fracture.
37
Q

Special Orthopedic Considerations with regard to Geriatric population:

A
  • Increased degenerative bone disease leads to pathological fractures (Osteoporosis in women, Paget’s disease in men.)
  • Increased risk of pressure sores.
  • Be alert for abuse.
38
Q

Special Orthopedic Consideration with regard to Pregnant population:

A
  • Increased loss of balance leading to falls.

CEN (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions