orthopath - keywords (kevin)

Question 1

crepitus

Answer 1

friction between bone ends can produce a grating sensation / sound; can indicate joint congruency

Question 2

complications related to fractures

Answer 2

delayed healing or non-union
mal-union
infection
compartment syndrome
deep vein thrombosis
joint stiffness

Question 3

neurovascular compromise

Answer 3

severe fractures may impinge on blood vessels / nerves; can lead to nerve

Question 4

diaphyseal fractures

Answer 4

are a result of a high impact trauma to the mid shaft; can lead to the disruption of blood supply to the bone

Question 5

metaphyseal fractures

Answer 5

due to an indirect trauma (eg. a “twisting” injury) near the growth plate; can lead to limb length discrepancies, in children the growth plate is vulnerable

Question 6

epiphyseal fracture

Answer 6

common in adolescents due to weak cartilage at the growth plate; joint congruency is affected

Question 7

intra-articular fracture

Answer 7

can result from articular surface impaction, often seen in high energy traumas; consequence of osteoarthritis

Question 8

extra-articular fracture

Answer 8

doesn’t affect the articular surface, occurs outside the joint capsule, often seen in high energy trauma

Question 9

dislocation fracture

Answer 9

result of substantial force, usually sports related injury or a high impact fall; is a mix of bone fracture and joint dislocation

Question 10

complete fracture

Answer 10

high impact trauma, high forces, or direct blow (severity depends on force applied); visible deformities, soft tissue damage, and hematoma formation

Question 11

incomplete fracture

Answer 11

results from forces that cause a partial break
- crack / hairline fracture:
minimal swelling
- greenstick:
bending rather than a complete break (ulna and radius)

Question 12

crack / hairline fracture

Answer 12

• from repetitive stress or minor trauma causing little cracks in the bone
• weight bearing bones prone to over use
• pain during activities

Question 13

occult fracture

Answer 13

• meaning “hidden” fracture
• cant initially be found on radiographs, may show up weeks later
• need advanced scans to see it

Question 14

greenstick fracture

Answer 14

• common in children as they aren’t fully developed
• one side breaks, the other bends
• deformation persists after the forces have been removed

Question 15

compression fracture

Answer 15

• occur in vertebrae –> axial loading
• seen in falls or people with osteoarthritis
• pain, loss of height, potential kyphosis

Question 16

pathological fracture

Answer 16

fracture that occurs due to a weakness from a disease

Question 17

transverse fracture

Answer 17

• force is applied perpendicular to the long axis of bone
• common causes include direct blows and impact trauma
• clean break, minimal displacement . local pain and swelling

Question 18

oblique fracture

Answer 18

• forces applied at an angle to the shaft of the bone
• fracture line is diagonal
• potential deformity

Question 19

spiral fracture

Answer 19

• twisting forces applied on the long axis of the shaft
• falls with rotational component
• may have significant displacement

Question 20

comminuted fracture

Answer 20

• multiple fragments
• high impact trauma or crushing injuries

Question 21

linear fracture

Answer 21

• from forces that are applied parallel to the long axis of the bone
• direct blows or repetitive stress
• a straight line break with minimal displacement

Question 22

avulsion fracture

Answer 22

• fragment of bone is pulled away by a tendon