Orthopaedics Flashcards
Nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the arm
Radial n.
Nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the arm
What muscles are included in this compartment? (3)
Musculocutaneous n.
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, superficial layer (with nerve supply)
Pronator teres (median n.)
Flexor carpi radialis (median n.)
Palmaris longus (median n.)
Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar n.)
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, intermediate layer (with nerve supply)
Flexor digitorum superficialis (median n.)
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, deep layer (with nerve supply)
Flexor pollicis longus (median n.)
Flexor digitorum profundus (median n.)
Pronator quadratus (median n.)
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm, superficial layer (with nerve supply)
Brachioradialis (radial n.)
Anconeus (radial n.)
Extensor carpi radialis longus (radial n.)
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (radial n.)
Extensor digitorum (radial n.)
Extensor carpi ulnaris (radial n.)
Extensor digiti minimi (radial n.)
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm, deep layer (with nerve supply)
Supinator
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor indicis
Muscles of the thenar eminence
What nerve supplies these muscles?
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
All supplied by the recurrent branch of the median nerve
Muscles of the hypothenar eminence
What nerve supplies these muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi
Supplied by deep branch of the ulnar nerve
The lateral 2 lumbricals are supplied by the ____ nerve
The medial 2 lumbricals are supplied by the ____ nerve
Lateral 2 - median nerve
Medial 2 - ulnar nerve
What action do the dorsal interossei allow?
What action do the palmar interossei allow?
dorsal interossei - ABduction of digits
palmar interossei - ADduction of digits
DAB PAD
Where does the radial nerve supply skin sensation to on the hand?
Lateral half of back of the hand
Thumb, index, middle and lateral 1/2 of ring finger up until the PIP
Anatomical snuffbox
Where does the median nerve supply skin sensation to on the hand?
Thumb tip
Index, middle and lateral 1/2 of ring finger after the PIP
Lateral half of palm of hand (thenar eminence)
Where does the ulnar nerve supply skin sensation to on the hand?
Medial half of palm (hypothenar eminence)
Medial 1/2 of ring finger and pinkie finger
Which spinal nerves innervate the skin of the hand?
C6 - thumb and half of index finger
C7 - 1/2 of index finger, middle finger and 1/2 of ring finger
C8 - 1/2 of ring finger and pinkie
How many structures pass through the carpal tunnel?
What are they?
10
Flexor digitorum profundus x4
Flexor digitorum superficialis x4
Flexor pollicis longus
Median n.
Muscles of the gluteal region - superficial layer (with nerve supplies)
Gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal n.)
Gluteus medius (superior gluteal n.)
Gluteus minimus (superior gluteal n.)
Tensor fascia latae (superior gluteal n.)
What are the functions of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?
Extensors, ABductors and medial rotators of the thigh
Muscles of the gluteal region - deep layer (with nerve supplies)
Piriformis
Obturator internus (sits in between the two gemelli)
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris
All supplied by nerves from the sacral plexus
What are the functions of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?
Lateral rotators of the thigh
Hip stabilisers
What structure is usually the most lateral leaving the greater sciatic foramen?
The sciatic nerve
What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
From lateral to medial, what are the contents of the femoral triangle?
Femoral Nerve
Femoral Artery
Femoral Vein
Lymphatics
“NAVL”
How many compartments does the thigh have?
How many compartments does the leg have?
Thigh - 3 compartments
leg - 3 compartments
Anterior compartment of thigh - muscles (4) and nerve supply
Pectineus (thigh flexor)
Iliopsoas (thigh flexor)
Sartorius (thigh flexor)
Quadriceps femoris (extensor of leg)
All are femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)
EXCEPT psoas major, which is L1, 2, 3
Medial compartment of thigh - muscles (5) and nerve supply
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
All Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4), except the hamstring part of adductor magnus which is the tibial nerve
Posterior compartment of leg - muscles (3) and nerve supply
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
All are supplied by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Except the short head of biceps femoris, which is supplied by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve
Anterior compartment of the leg - muscles (4) and nerve supply
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
All supplied by the deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)
Lateral compartment of the leg - muscles (2) and nerve supply
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Both supplied by the superficial fibular nerve
Posterior compartment of the leg - muscles (superficial, 3 and deep, 4) and nerve supply
Superficial - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
Deep - popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
All supplied by the tibial nerve
Describe the blood supply to the hip joint
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries - usually from the deep (profunda) femoral artery
Artery to the head of the femur (within the ligamentum teres) - branch of the obturator artery
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
Lots of fat, making it spongy
Terminal small saphenous vein (draining into the popliteal vein)
Popliteal vessels
Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve
The ankle jerk reflex tests what tendon and nerve roots?
Tests the calcaneal tendon a.k.a. the achilles tendon
Tests the S1, S2 nerve roots
The knee jerk tests which spinal nerve roots?
L3 and L4
The brachioradialis/biceps tendon jerk tests which nerve roots?
C5 and C6
The triceps jerk reflex tests which nerve roots?
C7 and C8
