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4th Year Finals Revision > Orthopaedics > Flashcards

Orthopaedics Flashcards

1
Q

Nerve supply to the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Radial n.

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2
Q

Nerve supply to the anterior compartment of the arm

What muscles are included in this compartment? (3)

A

Musculocutaneous n.

Biceps brachii

Coracobrachialis

Brachialis

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3
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, superficial layer (with nerve supply)

A

Pronator teres (median n.)

Flexor carpi radialis (median n.)

Palmaris longus (median n.)

Flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar n.)

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4
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, intermediate layer (with nerve supply)

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis (median n.)

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5
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm, deep layer (with nerve supply)

A

Flexor pollicis longus (median n.)

Flexor digitorum profundus (median n.)

Pronator quadratus (median n.)

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6
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm, superficial layer (with nerve supply)

A

Brachioradialis (radial n.)

Anconeus (radial n.)

Extensor carpi radialis longus (radial n.)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis (radial n.)

Extensor digitorum (radial n.)

Extensor carpi ulnaris (radial n.)

Extensor digiti minimi (radial n.)

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7
Q

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm, deep layer (with nerve supply)

A

Supinator

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor indicis

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8
Q

Muscles of the thenar eminence

What nerve supplies these muscles?

A

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

All supplied by the recurrent branch of the median nerve

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9
Q

Muscles of the hypothenar eminence

What nerve supplies these muscles?

A

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Opponens digiti minimi

Supplied by deep branch of the ulnar nerve

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10
Q

The lateral 2 lumbricals are supplied by the ____ nerve

The medial 2 lumbricals are supplied by the ____ nerve

A

Lateral 2 - median nerve

Medial 2 - ulnar nerve

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11
Q

What action do the dorsal interossei allow?

What action do the palmar interossei allow?

A

dorsal interossei - ABduction of digits

palmar interossei - ADduction of digits

DAB PAD

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12
Q

Where does the radial nerve supply skin sensation to on the hand?

A

Lateral half of back of the hand

Thumb, index, middle and lateral 1/2 of ring finger up until the PIP

Anatomical snuffbox

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13
Q

Where does the median nerve supply skin sensation to on the hand?

A

Thumb tip

Index, middle and lateral 1/2 of ring finger after the PIP

Lateral half of palm of hand (thenar eminence)

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14
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve supply skin sensation to on the hand?

A

Medial half of palm (hypothenar eminence)

Medial 1/2 of ring finger and pinkie finger

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15
Q

Which spinal nerves innervate the skin of the hand?

A

C6 - thumb and half of index finger

C7 - 1/2 of index finger, middle finger and 1/2 of ring finger

C8 - 1/2 of ring finger and pinkie

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16
Q

How many structures pass through the carpal tunnel?

What are they?

A

10

Flexor digitorum profundus x4

Flexor digitorum superficialis x4

Flexor pollicis longus

Median n.

17
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region - superficial layer (with nerve supplies)

A

Gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal n.)

Gluteus medius (superior gluteal n.)

Gluteus minimus (superior gluteal n.​)

Tensor fascia latae (superior gluteal n.​)

18
Q

What are the functions of the superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Extensors, ABductors and medial rotators of the thigh

19
Q

Muscles of the gluteal region - deep layer (with nerve supplies)

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus (sits in between the two gemelli)

Superior and inferior gemelli

Quadratus femoris

All supplied by nerves from the sacral plexus

20
Q

What are the functions of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Lateral rotators of the thigh

Hip stabilisers

21
Q

What structure is usually the most lateral leaving the greater sciatic foramen?

A

The sciatic nerve

22
Q

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

23
Q

From lateral to medial, what are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral Nerve

Femoral Artery

Femoral Vein

Lymphatics

“NAVL”

24
Q

How many compartments does the thigh have?

How many compartments does the leg have?

A

Thigh - 3 compartments

leg - 3 compartments

25
Q

Anterior compartment of thigh - muscles (4) and nerve supply

A

Pectineus (thigh flexor)

Iliopsoas (thigh flexor)

Sartorius (thigh flexor)

Quadriceps femoris (extensor of leg)

All are femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)

EXCEPT psoas major, which is L1, 2, 3

26
Q

Medial compartment of thigh - muscles (5) and nerve supply

A

Adductor longus

Adductor brevis

Adductor magnus

Gracilis

Obturator externus

All Obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4), except the hamstring part of adductor magnus which is the tibial nerve

27
Q

Posterior compartment of leg - muscles (3) and nerve supply

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris

All are supplied by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Except the short head of biceps femoris, which is supplied by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

28
Q

Anterior compartment of the leg - muscles (4) and nerve supply

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

Fibularis tertius

All supplied by the deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

29
Q

Lateral compartment of the leg - muscles (2) and nerve supply

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

Both supplied by the superficial fibular nerve

30
Q

Posterior compartment of the leg - muscles (superficial, 3 and deep, 4) and nerve supply

A

Superficial - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Deep - popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

All supplied by the tibial nerve

31
Q

Describe the blood supply to the hip joint

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries - usually from the deep (profunda) femoral artery

Artery to the head of the femur (within the ligamentum teres) - branch of the obturator artery

32
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Lots of fat, making it spongy

Terminal small saphenous vein (draining into the popliteal vein)

Popliteal vessels

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

33
Q

The ankle jerk reflex tests what tendon and nerve roots?

A

Tests the calcaneal tendon a.k.a. the achilles tendon

Tests the S1, S2 nerve roots

34
Q

The knee jerk tests which spinal nerve roots?

A

L3 and L4

35
Q

The brachioradialis/biceps tendon jerk tests which nerve roots?

A

C5 and C6

36
Q

The triceps jerk reflex tests which nerve roots?

A

C7 and C8

4th Year Finals Revision (13 decks)

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