Orthopaedics

Question 1

Discribe the Joint structure and function in Osteoarhritis

Answer 1

Step1:

• Minimum disruption
• There is already 10% loss of cartilge

Step 2:

• Joint-space narrowing
• The cartilage begins breaking down
• There is occurence of Osteophytes

Step 3:

• Moderate joint-space reduction
• Gaps in the cartilage can expand till they reach the bone

Step 4:

• Joint space greatly reduced
• 60% of the cartilage is already lost
• There are large osteophytyes

Question 2

Explain the implications of function and activity on bone health

Outline Wolff’s Law

Answer 2

Wolff’s Law of transformation of bone - If loading on a particular bone increases, the bone will remodel itself over time to become stronger to resist that sort of loading.

Exercise leads to maintenance of stronger trabecular network

Question 3

Describe the stages of bone healing

Answer 3

Step 1: Inflammation:

• White blood cells come to eat the derbis causing Inflammation

Step 2: Soft Callus

• There is formation of new blood vessels to fuel the repair process
• There is the formation of a soft callus which is simply fibrous tissue

Step 3: Hard Callus

• The body replaces the soft callus with the hard callus and connect the bone fragments more solidily
• This creates a a bulge at the site of the fructure seen on X-ray

Step 4: Remodelling

• The body replaces the old bone with new bone in a continual process called remoddelling
• This makes bones stronger and more compact
• New blood vessels are being formed

Question 4

What are the different types of Bone fracture

Answer 4