Orthopaedics

Question 1

What are the different phases of Gait?

Answer 1

1. Heel Strike
2. Stance Phase
3. Toe Off
4. Swing Phase
5. Heel Strike- the point in the stance phase where the heel touches the ground
6. Stance Phase- The entire period the foot is on the ground where the centre of mass acts through
7. Toe Off- when the foot leaves the ground and the toe has terminal contact with the ground
8. Swing Phase- the foot is in the air for limb advancement.

The stance phase is 60% of a normal gait cycle, swing phase is 40%

Question 2

What is an antalgic gait?

Answer 2

Where there is a decreased stance phase and increased swing phase- normally due to pain.

Question 3

What types of walking aids are there?

Answer 3

Walking aids can be broadly classified into sticks, crutches and frames.
There are various sub types in each group.

Question 4

Can you tell which side has the pathology from the position of the stick?

Answer 4

When using one stick, the stick should be held in the opposite hand to the side of the pathology.

HOWEVER: in hip pathology, normally held in opposite hand to reduce weight baring through the affected him.
In knee pathology it is usually held in the ipsilateral hand.