Orthopaedics

Question 1

-gradual onset of posterior heel pain that is worse following activity
-morning pain and stiffness are common
signs of:

Answer 1

Achilles tendinopathy

tendinitis

Question 2

Achilles tendinopathy (tendinitis) management?

Answer 2

supportive

• simple analgesia
• reduction in precipitating activities
• calf muscle eccentric exercises

Question 3

initial imaging modality for suspected achilles tendon rupture

Answer 3

ultrasound

Question 4

achilles tendon rupture test

Answer 4

simmonds test

Question 5

pop in ankle, sudden onset significant pain and inability to walk or continue sport

Answer 5

achilles tendon rupture

Question 6

Adhesive capsulitis otherwise known as…

Answer 6

frozen shoulder

Question 7

reduction

Answer 7

moving bones back into alignment

Question 8

preserve the blood supply

Answer 8

keep the area moist.

can risk compartment syndrome

Question 9

malunion

Answer 9

heals in abnormal position which leads to impaired function and looks ‘bent’

Question 10

non-union

Answer 10

fails to heal after extended period of time (eg.9-12 months)

Question 11

AMPLE

Answer 11

• allergies
• meds
• PMHx
• last eaten

Question 12

rotator cuff muscles

Answer 12

subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus.

Question 13

what muscle abducts <15 degrees

Answer 13

supraspinatus

Question 14

what muscle 15-90 degrees abduction of arm?

Answer 14

deltoid

Question 15

what nerve can be damaged in anterior shoulder dislocations?

Answer 15

axillary

Question 16

what is hill sachs?

Answer 16

an injury that occurs secondary to an anterior shoulder dislocation. The humeral head ‘collides’ with the anterior part of the glenoid, causing a lesion, bone loss, defect and deformity of the humeral head which may cause a change loss of range of motion, feelings of instability and pain.

Question 17

what nerve can be damaged in humeral shaft fractures?

Answer 17

radial nerve

Question 18

What is cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 18

ulnar nerve
tingling in 4th+5th fingers
worse when elbow resting on firm surface or flexed for extended periods

Question 19

golfers elbow

Answer 19

medial epicondylitis

Question 20

tennis elbow

Answer 20

lateral epicondylitis

Question 21

what to look for on XRAY

Answer 21

location?
configuration? (spiral, oblique, transverse)
angulation?
displacement?
multi-fragmentary?

Question 22

who is frozen shoulder more common in?

Answer 22

• middle-aged females

- 20% of diabetics may have an episode of frozen shoulder

Question 23

Ankle fracture xray criteria?

Answer 23

• Ottawa Rules
• An ankle x-ray is required only if there is any pain in the malleolar zone and any one of the following findings:
  1) bony tenderness at the lateral malleolar zone
  2) bony tenderness at the medial malleolar zone
  3) inability to walk four weight bearing steps immediately after the injury and in the emergency department