Orthography Flashcards
What is orthography? ✒️✅
The conventions of writing in a language
It covers: spelling, punctuation and capitalisation
What are graphemes?✌️
Individual markers that mean something
e.g. Letters, punctuation and even emojis
Which theorists say that “the number of [spelling] errors increase by descending grade?”
Elliot and Johnson
What is it called when a child adds extra letters in spelling?
Insertion
What is it called when a child leaves out letters?
Omission
What is a phonemic-grapheme spelling approach called?
Phonetic Spelling
What is it called when a child flips a letter? Give an example
Letter Reversal
e.g. s flipped, b as d
What is it called when a child applies a linguistic rule too far?
Overgeneralisation
What is it called when a child applies a linguistic rule in a limited way?
Undergeneralisation
What are the sounds which are most prominent/identifiable to children called?
Salient Sounds
What is it called when a child uses there best judgement to form an (incorrect) spelling?
Invented Spelling
What is the cause for Invented Spelling?
Phonemic-graphemic correspondence (Phonetic Spelling)
What are homophones?
same sound
Sounds the same but meaning and spelling is different
e.g read and reed, their there and their, know and no…
What are homonyms
same name
Words that are spelt the same but have a different meaning
e.g. saw and saw, right and right, lie and lie
What are two letters that symbolise one sound called?
Diagraphs
What are three letters that symbolise one sound called? Give an example
Trigraph
e.g.
‘-igh’ in ‘night’
‘tch’ in ‘watch’
‘dge’ in ‘bridge’
What 2️⃣ things should you look out for in the capitalisation category of Orthography?
Upper and Lower Case
