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Module 7 Exam > Orthodontics > Flashcards

Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

Abbreviations: AFA

A

Adjust Fixed Appliance

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2
Q

Abbreviations: URA

A

Upper Removable Applicance

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3
Q

Abbreviations: VFR

A

Vacuum formed retainer

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4
Q

Abbreviations NiTi

A

Nickel Titanium

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5
Q

Abbreviations SS

A

Stainless steel

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6
Q

Abbreviation PC

A

Powerchain

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7
Q

Three points you assess vertical dimension for

A

Glabella, subnasale, soft tissue chin

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8
Q

Mandible growth is assessed by two planes (which combined create an angle)

A

Frankfort plane and Mandibular plane

= Frankfort Mandibular plane angle

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9
Q

FMPA: average, increased, or reduced?

A

Average = occiput
Increased = ear
Reduced = beyond back of head

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10
Q

Kettle’s method

A

Kettle’s method assessment for AP relationship. o Index finger and middle finger and palpate upper and lower maximum concavities intra-orally.

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11
Q

Orthognathic vs Prognathic

A

Prognathism describes when part or all of the face sticks out more than normal. Humans have orthognathic faces. That means the faces is more or less vertical. Most other primates have prognathic faces: their jaws stick out in front of the top part of the head.

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12
Q

Antero-posterior dimension —> class I

A

Maxilla and mandible orthognathic

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13
Q

Antero-posterior dimension —> class II

A

Maxilla forward or mandible back or combination

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14
Q

Antero-posterior dimension —> class III

A

Maxilla back or mandible forward or combination

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15
Q

Do orthodontics help with TMJ?

A

Could potentially help with crossbites with displacement (however limited evidence)

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16
Q

Lip trap issues

A

Unaesthetic
Increase in overjet
Risk of trauma

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17
Q

Incompetent lips causes

A

Proclined uppers
Short upper lip

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18
Q

Nasiolabial angle; what is normal? how is this decreased? how is this increased?

A

90-110
Decreased by - proclined upper, protruded maxilla
Increased by - retruded maxilla, retroclined incisors

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19
Q

mixed dentition space analysis: average space 2-6? (in mm)

A

upper -> 22mm
lower -> 21mm

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20
Q

Incisor inclination

A

Proclined

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21
Q

Incisor inclination

A

Retroclined

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22
Q

Crowding severity: mild

A

0-4mm

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23
Q

crowding severity: moderate

A

4-8mm

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24
Q

crowding severity: severe

A

8>mm

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25
Q

incisor classification

A

Class II div I

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26
Q

incisor classification

A

Class II div 2

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27
Q

incisor classification

A

class III

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28
Q

What is this showing?

A

Overjet (horizontal overlap of the teeth)

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29
Q

What is this showing?

A

Overbite (vertical overlap - the distance between the upper front teeth covering over the lower front teeth)

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30
Q

Canine relationship?

A

Class I

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31
Q

Canine relationship?

A

Class II 1/2 unit

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32
Q

Canine relationship?

A

Class II full unit

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33
Q

Canine relationship

A

Class III

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34
Q

What is crossbite?

A

Crossbite is a discrepancy in the buccolingual relationship of the upper and lower teeth.

Location (anterior or posterior)
Nature (buccal or lingual)

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35
Q

When do upper canines erupt?

A

11-12 years

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36
Q

When do lower canines erupt?

A

10-11 years old

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37
Q

Interceptive treatment for impacted 3s: success rate of the 3 moving into the correct position after extraction of Cs when the canine covers less than half of the lateral incisor?

A

90% success

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38
Q

Interceptive treatment for impacted 3s: success rate of the 3 moving into the correct position after extraction of Cs when the canine covers over half of the lateral incisor?

A

60% success

39
Q

What principle is used to determine the position of an unerupted tooth relative to its neighbour?

A

Parallax

40
Q

What does the parallax principle mean?

A

Two x-rays are used to locate the position of a tooth. The object furthest away from the x-ray beam will appear to move in the same direction as the tube shift. SLOB (same lingual, opposite buccal)

41
Q

Horizontal parallax vs vertical parallax?

A

Horizontal - two periapicals used
Vertical - OPT and upper anterior occlusal

42
Q

When would you consider taking a lateral ceph?

A

For patients with skeletal discrepancies (i.e class II or III antero-posterior)

43
Q
A

1 - S (sella)
2 - N (nasion)
3 - Or (orbitale)

44
Q
A

1 - PNS (posterior nasal spine)
2 - ANS (anterior nasal spine)
3 - point A (subspinale)
4 - point B (supramentale)

45
Q
A

1 - Pogonion
2 - Gnathion
3 - Menton
4 - Gonion

46
Q

What is this angle?

A

SNA angle ( S —> N —> A)

typically ~81+- 3

47
Q

What does it mean if the SNA angle is increased or decreased?

A

An increased SNA angle means the maxilla is more forward than normal, while a decreased SNA angle means the maxilla is more backward than normal

48
Q
A

SNB angle (S—> N —> B)

78+-3

49
Q

What does it mean if the SNB angle is increased or decreased?

A

An increased SNB angle means the mandible is positioned more forward relative to the cranial base, while a decreased SNB angle means the mandible is positioned more backward

50
Q
A

ANB angle
(A—> N —> B)
3+-2

51
Q

What does an increased ANB indicate?

A

Can indicate a class II skeletal pattern

52
Q

What does an decreased ANB indicate?

A

class III skeletal pattern

53
Q
A

Maxillary-mandibular plane angle (MMPA)
27+-4

54
Q

Maxillary-mandibular plane angle (MMPA) increased vs decreased?

A

Similar to FMPA —>

55
Q
A

Upper incisor - maxillary plane angle
109-+6

56
Q

Upper incisor - maxillary plane angle decreased or increased?

A

Skeletal discrepancies (maxilla angulation)

Upper incisal angulation (proclined/retroclined)

57
Q
A

IMPA = incisor-mandibular plane angle
93+-6

58
Q

Lower incisor-mandibular plane angle increased or decreased?

A

An increased incisor mandibular plane angle (IMPA) means the mandibular incisors are proclined, while a decreased IMPA means they are retroclined.

59
Q

What is the facial proportion?

A

~55+-2%

60
Q

What information can you gather from a cephalometric x-ray?

A

Antero-posterior and vertical dimensions

61
Q

What is the Nasion?

A
62
Q

What is the Sella?

A
63
Q

What does IOTN stand for?

A

Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need

64
Q

What are the two components of IOTN?

A

Aesthetic Component (AC) and the Dental Health Component (DHC)

65
Q

IOTN: The Aesthetic Component

A

1-10 grading allocated for attractiveness

66
Q

Dental Health Component

A

1-5 Grading based on traits of malocclusion.

67
Q

IOTN: DHC —> Grade 1-2

A

No or little need for treatment

68
Q

IOTN: DHC —> Grade 3

A

Borderline need

69
Q

IOTN: DHC —> Grade 4-5

A

Need treatment

70
Q

What does MOCDO stand for?

A

M - missing
O - overjet
C - crossbite
D - displacement of contact point
O - overbite

71
Q

Yellow portion?

A

Displacements of tooth contact points and anterior open bites are assessed using the vertical bars.

72
Q

Red?

A

This portion assesses any reverse overjet. The first section assesses reverse overjets between 0-1mm. ms -5 refers to reverse overjets >3.5mm with masticatory or speed difficulties.

73
Q

green section?

A

This portion assesses increased overjets. 0 section assesses overjets up to 3.5mm which do not score on the DHC. 2c section refers to an overjet between 3.5 and 6mm with competent lips. Section 3i refers to an overjet between 3.5-6mm with incompetent lips. Section 4 assesses overjets between 6.5 and 9mm. Section 5 is for overjets greater than 9mm.

74
Q

blue section?

A

All other categories are assess from the middle section of the ruler.

75
Q

How is hypodontia coded in IOTN guidelines?

A

5h or 4h

one tooth missing in one quadrant = 4h

two teeth missing in one quadrant = 5h

76
Q

How is retained deciduous canine/impaction/impeded eruption denoted?

A

5i

77
Q

How is an increased overjet denoted?

A

5a/4a

“a” for bitten into an apple and teeth have proclined horizontally.

78
Q

IOTN; 5a

A

increased overjet >9mm

79
Q

IOTN: 4a

A

> 6mm but <9mm

80
Q

IOTN: 5m

A

Reverse overjet
>3.5mm

WITH masticatory and speech difficulties

81
Q

IOTN: 4c

A

Anterior crossbite

OR

unilateral buccal crossbite with mandibular displacement
>2mm

82
Q

IOTN: 4L

A

Scissor bite in one or both buccal segments

(scissor meaning the teeth don’t really interdigitate they “scissor” beside each other)

83
Q

IOTN: 4d

A

Contact point displacement >4mm

84
Q

IOTN: 3d

A

2-4mm contact point displacement

85
Q

IOTN: 2d

A

> 1mm but <_2mm contact point displacement

86
Q

Contact point displacement due to rotations

A

not generally recorded - would moire be contact point displacements as seen in the image.

87
Q

IOTN: 4f

A

traumatic overbite

four-king “forking” = stabbing bite

88
Q

IOTN: 3f

A

Deep and complete overbite

“F(th)ree my lower teeth!! they’re hidden”

89
Q

IOTN: 4e, 3e, or 2e

A

Anterior open bite/lateral open bite (number depending on size)

> 4mm = 4

90
Q

IOTN: 5p

A

Cleft lip and/or palate

91
Q

IOTN: 5s

A

Submerging deciduous molar

92
Q

What can GDPs access to help them grade IOTN and thus refer on?

A

IOTN advice available on internet/local Orthodontic Managed Clinical Network (MCN).

93
Q

What scores of DHC and AC are priority?

A

DHC scores > 4
AC scores > 6

NHS not funding cases with IOTN grades <3.6

94
Q

IOTN; 4b

A

Reverse overjet >3.5mm with no masticatory or speech difficulties

Module 7 Exam (7 decks)

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