Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

What is orthodontics?

A

It is concerned with the development of the dentition and occlusion

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2
Q

What is a malocclusion?

A

Any deviation from the norm
There is a spectrum
High prevalence of malocclusion in adolescents

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3
Q

What are the benefits of orthodontic treatment?

A

Improved dental and oral health

Improved aesthetics and function

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4
Q

What are examples of occlusal abnormalities where orthodontics helps long term dental health?

A
Crowding 
Perio - damage due to overbites 
Unerupted impacted teeth
Crossbites w mandibular displacement 
Ectopic teeth - teeth that formed in or subsequently moved into the wrong position, often become impacted
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5
Q

What potential problem can arise from an incisal overjet?

A

Can cause trauma to the upper incisors

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6
Q

What are all the potential risks involved with orthodontic treatment?

A
Intra-oral damage
Root resorption 
Loss of periodontal support
Demineralisation
Enamel damage
Soft tissue damage
Loss of vitality 
Treatment ineffective
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7
Q

What is a functional occlusion?

A

No interferences
Smooth gliding movement of mandible
Orthodontics should aim to achieve this

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8
Q

In terms of incisor relationships, what is a class 1?

A

Lower incisal edges rest immediately behind the cingulum of the uppers
Slight 1mm overjet roughly
Class 1 considered ideal

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9
Q

In terms of incisor relationship, what is a class 2?

A
Lower incisor edges posterior to cingulum of uppers
2 divisions of class 2

Class 2 div 1 - Upper incisors proclined, increase in OJ

Class 2 div 2 - Upper incisors retroclined, OJ minimal

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10
Q

In terms of incisor relationship, what is a class 3?

A

Lower anteriors lay anterior to the upper anteriors

Reverse OJ

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11
Q

What is the IOTN?

A

Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needed

grade 1 - least
grade 5 - most

Categories based on are
Missing teeth
Overjet
Crossbite
Displacement of contact points
Overbite
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12
Q

What are the 3 main risks of orthodontic treatment?

A

Decalcification - caries around brackets
Relapse
Root resorption

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13
Q

What is mandibular prognathism?

A

Enlarged mandible

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14
Q

What are uses of study casts within dentistry?

A
Demonstrate progress of Tx
Keep for 12y for legal reasons
Designing but not making appliances on
Teaching
Planning when pt not present
2nd opinions
Forensics
Diagnosis
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15
Q

What are the properties of stainless steel?

A
Ductile - able to be deformed without losing toughness
Biocompatible 
Cheap
Resistant to corrosion
Strong and durable
Easy to work with
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16
Q

What are the components of stainless steel and their percentages?

A
Iron - 72%
Chromium - 18%
Nickel - 8%
Titanium - 1.7%
Carbon - 0.3%
17
Q

What modes of action do removable appliances use?

A

Rotating/tipping/tilting

18
Q

What are the advantages of removable appliances?

A
Tipping of teeth
Excellent Anchorage
Cheaper to fix
Shorter chairside time 
OH easy to maintain as they can be removed
Non-destructive to tooth tissue
Less specialised to manage
Easy to adapt to overbite reduction
Block movements
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of removable appliances?

A

Less precise movement of tooth - cannot extrude/intrude, no lateral movement
Can be easily removed by patient and not worn - needs time in the mouth
Can only move 1-2 teeth at a time
Specialist technicians are required to construct
Rotations are difficult to correct using these