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BDS 4: Orthodontics > Orthodontic Classification, Terminology and IOTN > Flashcards

Orthodontic Classification, Terminology and IOTN Flashcards

1
Q

What questions in family history are specific to an ortho patient?

A

Does the family have any similar dental problems?

  • Eg) Missing teeth or Skeletal III

Previous history of orthodontic treatment in the family?

  • Shows attitudes and compliance towards ortho
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2
Q

What are some questions about past dental history you may ask an orthodontic patient? (3)

A
  1. Have they had any treatment in the past such as extractions
  2. Have they had any past trauma
  3. Any digit sucking habits
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3
Q

Define A-P Skeletal Patterns:

  • I
  • II
  • III
A

I = Normal relationship

II = Mandible relatively retrusive (behind upper jaw)

III = Mandible relatively protrusive (infront of upper jaw)

(Class III can appear to look completely flat from chin to top of lip)

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4
Q

Name these two lines of the image

A

Going across - Frankfurt plane

Going down - Zero Meridian line

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5
Q

What are the 3 components of a skeletal relationship that we need to assess?

A

Anteroposterior (A-P)

Vertical

Transverse

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6
Q

Assess these patients Frankfort Mandibular Planes Angle (FMPA)

A
  1. High angle (Lines cross in front of the occiput)
  2. Average angle (Lines cross at occiput)
  3. Low angle (Lines cross behind occiput)
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7
Q

When assessing the lips, if they are deemed incompetent what does this mean?

A

Lips do not meet at rest

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8
Q

At rest when you lift the patient’s upper lip where should the lower lip cover until?

A

Cover lower third of upper incisior

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9
Q

Describe the lip morphology of these 3 patients

A
  1. Normal Lips
  2. Thin Lips
  3. Full Lips
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10
Q

How can a skeletal II relation in a patient lead to lip incompetence?

A

The mandible is so far back in a patient that the lips meeting at rest causes to much strain on the patient

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11
Q

What is the line in this picture?

A

Ricket’s E-Line

This can help show if a patients lips are protrusive or retrusive of this line

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12
Q

What does this image display?

A

Incisal Display

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13
Q

How would you assess the tongue in a soft tissue assessment?

A

Check the size of the tongue in relation to the oral cavity. It shouldn’t be too large, or too small.

The resting position should be:
- Constantly resting forward against the lower lip

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14
Q

What are the 3 components of a dental arch assessment?

A
  1. Alignment of teeth (any rotations)
  2. Spaces or Crowding
  3. The inclination of the teeth
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15
Q

What are the 3 ways teeth can be inclined?

A

Normal

Proclined

Retroclined

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16
Q

When giving a measurement of crowding in mm’s what are you refering to?

A

How much space is there missing for all the teeth to be in line

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17
Q

How many mm’s is considered

  1. Mild crowding
  2. Moderate crowding
  3. Severe crowding
A
  1. <4mm
  2. 4-8mm
  3. >8mm
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18
Q

How do you classify spacing in your notes?

A

Spacing can be either generalised or localised

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19
Q

What is the dental term of a “gap”?

A

Maxillary median diastema

20
Q

Describe a normal inclination of incisors

A

The crown of the tooth is more buccal (anterior) than the root.

Upper: 109 degrees (+/- 5 degrees) to the maxillary plane.
Lower: 93 degrees (+/- 6 degrees) to the maxillary plane.

21
Q

Describe what you can see in this image clinically

A

Proclined incisor

22
Q

Describe what you can see in this image clinically

A

Retroclined incisor

23
Q

Describe the different classes of incisor relationships based on the relation between lower incisors to palatal aspect of upper incisors

  1. Class I
  2. Class II
  3. Class III
A
  1. Occlude at cingulum plateua
  2. Occlude posteriorly to cingulum plateua
  3. Occlude anteriorly to cingulum plateua
24
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class I

25
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class II division 1:

Incisal edges of the mandibular incisors occlude palatal to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. The maxillary incisors are proclined. There is usually an increased overjet.

26
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class II division 2:

The incisal edges of the mandibular incisors occlude palatal to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors. The upper incisors are retroclined.

27
Q

What type of incisor relationship is this?

A

Class III:

The incisal edge of the mandibular incisors occlude anterior to the cingulum plateau of the upper incisors.

28
Q

What is overjet?

A

Horizontal distance between incisal edge of upper incisors and labial face of lower incisors

29
Q

What is overbite?

A

Vertical overlap of lower incisors by upper incisors

30
Q

What is the red line showing?

A

Overjet

31
Q

What is the red line showing?

A

Overbite

32
Q

Describe where you would see the upper incisors overlap the lower inscisors for

  1. A normal overbite
  2. A reduced overbite
  3. A increased overbite
  4. Anterior open bite
  5. Complete/Incomplete
A
  1. Normal: in middle 1/3rd of lower incisor
  2. Reduced: in incisal 1/3rd
  3. Increased: in gingival 1/3rd
  4. NO vertical overlap
  5. Contact with teeth or mucosa/no contact
33
Q

Describe:

  1. A class I molar relationship
  2. A class II molar relationship
  3. A class III molar relationship
A
  1. Class I: Mesio-buccal cusp of maxillary first molar occludes in the mid-buccal groove of the mandibular first molar
  2. Class II: Maxillary first molar occludes mesial to class I position
  3. Class III: Maxillary first molar occludes distal to class I position
34
Q

Describe clinically what you see

A

Class I molar relationship

35
Q

Describe clinically what you see

A

Class II molar relationship

36
Q

Describe clinically what you see

A

Class III molar relationship

37
Q

What is a crossbite?

A

Mandibular deviation between centric relation and centric occlusion.

Upper teeth should occlude buccal to lower teeth.

38
Q

What are the types of crossbites?

A

Anterior or Posterior
Unilateral or bilateral

39
Q

What type of crossbite does each image represent?

A
40
Q

What is the aetiology of malocclusion?

A
  1. Genetic control (skeletal relations)
  2. Environmental factors (soft tissues + dento-alveolar + habits)
41
Q

What are the aims of malocclusion treatment?

A
  1. Facial:
    - Accept or address skeletal pattern
  2. Dental:
    - Relieve dental crowding & align teeth
    - Reduce the overbite & overjet
    - Achieve class I incisor +/- molar relationship
    - Eliminate cross-bite & associated mandibular displacement
    - Retention.
42
Q

What are the 6 keys of an ideal occlusion?

A
  1. Molar Relationship
  2. Correct angulation
  3. Correct inclination
  4. No Rotations
  5. No spacing
  6. Flat curve of Spee
43
Q
A
44
Q

What are the two components needed for the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)?

A
  1. The Dental Health Component
    - Grades 4 & 5 – definite need for Tx
    - Grade 3 – borderline need for Tx
    - Grades 1 & 2 – low need for Tx
  2. Aesthetic Component
    - Grades 8-10 - definite need for Tx
    - Grades 5-7 - borderline need for Tx
    - Grades 1-4 - low need for Tx
45
Q

In order to see if a patient can receive orthodontic treatment they must be judged against the “dental health component” of the IOTN using the abbreviation MOCDO.

What does MOCDO stand for?

A

Missing teeth (impacted teeth)
Overjet (>+6mm or >-3.5mm)
Crossbites (displacements >2mm)
Displacement of contact points (>4mm)
Overbite with trauma

BDS 4: Orthodontics (12 decks)

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