OrthoBullets Flashcards
Female Athlete Triad
Disordered eating, secondary amenorrhea, and osteoporosis
Big risk for female stress fractures
Menstrual irregularity
Decreasing femoral offset to THA will do what
Decreases tension on abductors, increasing risk of dislocation, but doesn’t affect impingement
What is the best predictor of compartment syndrome development
Mechanism of Injury
What is a Cozen fracture
Proximal tibia metaphyseal fxs, go into valgus deformity
Cozen fracture prognosis
Angulation resolves in practically all cases but the affected tibia is a little bit longer.
What causes Cozen deformity
Increased metaphyseal growth medially
Treatment for acute spondylolysis w/o pars defects
Lumbosacral orthosis bracing for 6 to 12 wks
How do you treat femoral neck nonunion with varus deformity
Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy with blade plate fixation
Brachial artery downstream course
Bifurcates into the radial and ulnar artery, the common interosseous branches proximally off the ulnar
Nerve risk on ACDF approach
Cervical sympathetic ganglia/trunk lies anterolaterally to the longus colli and longus capitis muscles, dissect subperiosteally
Vertebral artery enters where
Above C7
Femoral neck stress fx mgmt
Tension sided: Perc screw if >50%
Compression-sided: Protected weightbearing until pain-free
Possible issue with Salter-Harirs 1 or 2 fxs of distal tibia
Can have increased external foot progression angle due to malrotation usually causing external rotation, close reduce and cast
Axonomesis is
Disruption of the nerve axon following injury
Clear cell chondrosarcoma presentation
Clear, vacuolated chondrocytes in chondroid matrix found in epiphysis. mixed lucent/sclerotic lesions. You don’t get popcorn calcifications that you see in classic chondrosarcoma.
Cavovarus foot predisposes to
Inversion sprains and lateral ligament attenuation
How to treat cavovarus foot
Orthotic at first, if it fails than a First metatarsal osteotomy and lateral ligament reconstruction with peroneus brevis tendon grafting
What is Rhematoid factor
IgM antibody directed against Fc portion of IgG antibody
What is shoulder abduction test
Decreased arm pain when raising the arm, decreases tension on the nerves (test for cervical radiculopathy)
What is inverted brachioradialis reflex
Tapping distal brachioradialis leads to contraction of finger flexors, sign of Cervical Myelopathy
Lateral epicondylitis sign
Lateral forearm pain with resisted extension of the long fingers
Superficial zone of articular cartilage collagen fibril and chondrocyte positioning
Flattened chondrocytes and parallel collagen fibrils
What is femoral offset
Distance from center of femoral head to long axis of femur.
Hereditary exostoses (MHE) genetics
Mutations in tumor suppressor EXT1 and EXT2, EXT1 is worse than EXT2
Hereditary exostoses presentation
Pedunculated lesions extending from surface of bone, cortex of lesion is continuous with cortex of the bone, also the medullary cavity. Osteochondromas
Achondroplasia gene
FGFR3
Tarsal tunnel and cavovarus foot surgery
no relation or correlation
How do you tell if the superior peroneal retinaculum is damaged?
Palpable tendon snapping over the fibula during ankle dorsiflexion
Tenderness at the base of 5th metatarsal with ankle eversion
Peroneal tendon tear
Positive external rotational stress test
Syndesmotic ligament injury
Postive anterior drawer in ankle
ATFL injury
Terrible triad elbow injury
Unstable radial head fracture, type III coronoid fx, associated elbow dislocation
How to splint simple elbow dislocation
In 90 degrees flexion/neutral forearm rotation
Ideal acetabular component alignment
30-50 degrees abduction and 15-20 degrees of anteversion
Radiographic signs of childhood discitis
Loss of normal lordosis, then disc space narrowing, then endplate erosion
