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Ortho > OrthoBullets > Flashcards

OrthoBullets Flashcards

1
Q

Female Athlete Triad

A

Disordered eating, secondary amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

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2
Q

Big risk for female stress fractures

A

Menstrual irregularity

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3
Q

Decreasing femoral offset to THA will do what

A

Decreases tension on abductors, increasing risk of dislocation, but doesn’t affect impingement

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4
Q

What is the best predictor of compartment syndrome development

A

Mechanism of Injury

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5
Q

What is a Cozen fracture

A

Proximal tibia metaphyseal fxs, go into valgus deformity

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6
Q

Cozen fracture prognosis

A

Angulation resolves in practically all cases but the affected tibia is a little bit longer.

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7
Q

What causes Cozen deformity

A

Increased metaphyseal growth medially

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8
Q

Treatment for acute spondylolysis w/o pars defects

A

Lumbosacral orthosis bracing for 6 to 12 wks

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9
Q

How do you treat femoral neck nonunion with varus deformity

A

Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy with blade plate fixation

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10
Q

Brachial artery downstream course

A

Bifurcates into the radial and ulnar artery, the common interosseous branches proximally off the ulnar

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11
Q

Nerve risk on ACDF approach

A

Cervical sympathetic ganglia/trunk lies anterolaterally to the longus colli and longus capitis muscles, dissect subperiosteally

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12
Q

Vertebral artery enters where

A

Above C7

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13
Q

Femoral neck stress fx mgmt

A

Tension sided: Perc screw if >50%

Compression-sided: Protected weightbearing until pain-free

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14
Q

Possible issue with Salter-Harirs 1 or 2 fxs of distal tibia

A

Can have increased external foot progression angle due to malrotation usually causing external rotation, close reduce and cast

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15
Q

Axonomesis is

A

Disruption of the nerve axon following injury

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16
Q

Clear cell chondrosarcoma presentation

A

Clear, vacuolated chondrocytes in chondroid matrix found in epiphysis. mixed lucent/sclerotic lesions. You don’t get popcorn calcifications that you see in classic chondrosarcoma.

17
Q

Cavovarus foot predisposes to

A

Inversion sprains and lateral ligament attenuation

18
Q

How to treat cavovarus foot

A

Orthotic at first, if it fails than a First metatarsal osteotomy and lateral ligament reconstruction with peroneus brevis tendon grafting

19
Q

What is Rhematoid factor

A

IgM antibody directed against Fc portion of IgG antibody

20
Q

What is shoulder abduction test

A

Decreased arm pain when raising the arm, decreases tension on the nerves (test for cervical radiculopathy)

21
Q

What is inverted brachioradialis reflex

A

Tapping distal brachioradialis leads to contraction of finger flexors, sign of Cervical Myelopathy

22
Q

Lateral epicondylitis sign

A

Lateral forearm pain with resisted extension of the long fingers

23
Q

Superficial zone of articular cartilage collagen fibril and chondrocyte positioning

A

Flattened chondrocytes and parallel collagen fibrils

24
Q

What is femoral offset

A

Distance from center of femoral head to long axis of femur.

25
Q

Hereditary exostoses (MHE) genetics

A

Mutations in tumor suppressor EXT1 and EXT2, EXT1 is worse than EXT2

26
Q

Hereditary exostoses presentation

A

Pedunculated lesions extending from surface of bone, cortex of lesion is continuous with cortex of the bone, also the medullary cavity. Osteochondromas

27
Q

Achondroplasia gene

A

FGFR3

28
Q

Tarsal tunnel and cavovarus foot surgery

A

no relation or correlation

29
Q

How do you tell if the superior peroneal retinaculum is damaged?

A

Palpable tendon snapping over the fibula during ankle dorsiflexion

30
Q

Tenderness at the base of 5th metatarsal with ankle eversion

A

Peroneal tendon tear

31
Q

Positive external rotational stress test

A

Syndesmotic ligament injury

32
Q

Postive anterior drawer in ankle

A

ATFL injury

33
Q

Terrible triad elbow injury

A

Unstable radial head fracture, type III coronoid fx, associated elbow dislocation

34
Q

How to splint simple elbow dislocation

A

In 90 degrees flexion/neutral forearm rotation

35
Q

Ideal acetabular component alignment

A

30-50 degrees abduction and 15-20 degrees of anteversion

36
Q

Radiographic signs of childhood discitis

A

Loss of normal lordosis, then disc space narrowing, then endplate erosion

Ortho (3 decks)

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