OrthoBullets

Question 1

Female Athlete Triad

Answer 1

Disordered eating, secondary amenorrhea, and osteoporosis

Question 2

Big risk for female stress fractures

Answer 2

Menstrual irregularity

Question 3

Decreasing femoral offset to THA will do what

Answer 3

Decreases tension on abductors, increasing risk of dislocation, but doesn’t affect impingement

Question 4

What is the best predictor of compartment syndrome development

Answer 4

Mechanism of Injury

Question 5

What is a Cozen fracture

Answer 5

Proximal tibia metaphyseal fxs, go into valgus deformity

Question 6

Cozen fracture prognosis

Answer 6

Angulation resolves in practically all cases but the affected tibia is a little bit longer.

Question 7

What causes Cozen deformity

Answer 7

Increased metaphyseal growth medially

Question 8

Treatment for acute spondylolysis w/o pars defects

Answer 8

Lumbosacral orthosis bracing for 6 to 12 wks

Question 9

How do you treat femoral neck nonunion with varus deformity

Answer 9

Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy with blade plate fixation

Question 10

Brachial artery downstream course

Answer 10

Bifurcates into the radial and ulnar artery, the common interosseous branches proximally off the ulnar

Question 11

Nerve risk on ACDF approach

Answer 11

Cervical sympathetic ganglia/trunk lies anterolaterally to the longus colli and longus capitis muscles, dissect subperiosteally

Question 12

Vertebral artery enters where

Answer 12

Above C7

Question 13

Femoral neck stress fx mgmt

Answer 13

Tension sided: Perc screw if >50%

Compression-sided: Protected weightbearing until pain-free

Question 14

Possible issue with Salter-Harirs 1 or 2 fxs of distal tibia

Answer 14

Can have increased external foot progression angle due to malrotation usually causing external rotation, close reduce and cast

Question 15

Axonomesis is

Answer 15

Disruption of the nerve axon following injury

Question 16

Clear cell chondrosarcoma presentation

Answer 16

Clear, vacuolated chondrocytes in chondroid matrix found in epiphysis. mixed lucent/sclerotic lesions. You don’t get popcorn calcifications that you see in classic chondrosarcoma.

Question 17

Cavovarus foot predisposes to

Answer 17

Inversion sprains and lateral ligament attenuation

Question 18

How to treat cavovarus foot

Answer 18

Orthotic at first, if it fails than a First metatarsal osteotomy and lateral ligament reconstruction with peroneus brevis tendon grafting

Question 19

What is Rhematoid factor

Answer 19

IgM antibody directed against Fc portion of IgG antibody

Question 20

What is shoulder abduction test

Answer 20

Decreased arm pain when raising the arm, decreases tension on the nerves (test for cervical radiculopathy)

Question 21

What is inverted brachioradialis reflex

Answer 21

Tapping distal brachioradialis leads to contraction of finger flexors, sign of Cervical Myelopathy

Question 22

Lateral epicondylitis sign

Answer 22

Lateral forearm pain with resisted extension of the long fingers

Question 23

Superficial zone of articular cartilage collagen fibril and chondrocyte positioning

Answer 23

Flattened chondrocytes and parallel collagen fibrils

Question 24

What is femoral offset

Answer 24

Distance from center of femoral head to long axis of femur.

Question 25

Hereditary exostoses (MHE) genetics

Answer 25

Mutations in tumor suppressor EXT1 and EXT2, EXT1 is worse than EXT2

Question 26

Hereditary exostoses presentation

Answer 26

Pedunculated lesions extending from surface of bone, cortex of lesion is continuous with cortex of the bone, also the medullary cavity. Osteochondromas

Question 27

Achondroplasia gene

Answer 27

FGFR3

Question 28

Tarsal tunnel and cavovarus foot surgery

Answer 28

no relation or correlation

Question 29

How do you tell if the superior peroneal retinaculum is damaged?

Answer 29

Palpable tendon snapping over the fibula during ankle dorsiflexion

Question 30

Tenderness at the base of 5th metatarsal with ankle eversion

Answer 30

Peroneal tendon tear

Question 31

Positive external rotational stress test

Answer 31

Syndesmotic ligament injury

Question 32

Postive anterior drawer in ankle

Answer 32

ATFL injury

Question 33

Terrible triad elbow injury

Answer 33

Unstable radial head fracture, type III coronoid fx, associated elbow dislocation

Question 34

How to splint simple elbow dislocation

Answer 34

In 90 degrees flexion/neutral forearm rotation

Question 35

Ideal acetabular component alignment

Answer 35

30-50 degrees abduction and 15-20 degrees of anteversion

Question 36

Radiographic signs of childhood discitis

Answer 36

Loss of normal lordosis, then disc space narrowing, then endplate erosion