ORTHO THEORY TEST REVIEW Flashcards
Where does the sacrum and ilium articulate?
Sacroiliac joint
What is another name for degenerative joint disease?
Osteoarthritis
What is an example of a saddle Joint?
the Thumb
where is the meniscus?
in the knee
What is a meniscectomy?
removal of the meniscus
What bone articulates with distal fibula and tibia?
Talus
what is a comminuted fracture?
A fracture that is splintered or crushed in to 3 or more pieces
What is a spiral fracture?
twist up the bone
Compound fracture does what?
sticks out of the skin
where is a compression fracture found?
The Spine
what is the abrev. for fracture?
FX
What is the abrev. for Anerior posterior?
AP
what is a green stick fracture?
bent on one side broken on the other
Where do you find grenstick fractures?
in children
Where is a colles fracture?
in the wrist
where do you find a depressed fracture?
the Skull
What stage of bone healing do you see OSTEOBLAST?
Proliferation
What do OSTEOCLASTS do?
Reshape bone
What is delayed union?
Fracture that does not heal in average time
What is mal union?
a fracture that heals with a deformity
What is nonunion?
a fracture stops healing and does not go together
If you have a fracture that involves a joint what is required?
absolute stability
WHat is a closed reduction?
Reduction of a fracture without an incision
what should you have in a closed reduciton room?
everything for an open reduction
What is a hip spica cast for?
Femoral head fracture
Who is responsible for keeping track of impants?
the ST
what are the main types of ortho implants made of?
Stainless steel
what is used to close sub q in ortho?
Vicryl
What type of suture do you use on ligaments and tendons?
nonabsorbable
what are 3 examples of long bones?
Tibia, Femur, Forearm
what is an open reduction?
reduction of a fracture with an incision
what do you use cortical screws on?
Hard dense bones
what do you use cancellous screws on?
Spongy bone
which screw have threads far apart?
Cancellous
which screw have threads close together?
Cortical
what is special about cannulated screws? (2)
- they have a hole in the middle
2. place them over k wire
what are cannulated screws used on?
Femoral nec fractures
What do cannulated screw give?
compression
After you use a cannulated screw and get down to fracture, what will you hand the surgeon?
K Wire and K wire Driver
What is the sequence in a ORIF screw placement?
Drill, Measure, Tap, Screw
what do you use to measure depth of the hole for your screw?
Depth gauge
where fo you use IM nails?
long bones
what do you use electrical stimulation devices for?
to stimulate bone healing through osteogenesis
What does the medial end of the clavicle articulate wit?
the manubrium
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, INfraspinatus and the Subscapularis
what is the visualization of a joint?
Arthroscopy
what is the purpose of a tourniquet?
Reduce blood flow
What is the arthroscopy solution for visualization?
3000ml bag of saline
what is an acromioplasty?
Removal of the acromion process
where would you do a bankhart procedure?
shoulder
how do you prep for rotator cuff procedure?
arm shoulder and to the neck
what do you do with the other leg in a hip procedure if you are in supine position?
put in a well leg holder
What type of pillow is used after total hip?
Abduction
what are compression screws for?
Feoral neck fracture
what does a bennet retractor do?
Retracts muscles around the femur
what do you replace in a total hip?
the entire hip joint , acetabulum included
what do you replace in a hemi arthroplasty?
everything but the acetabulum
what is another name for a hemiarthroplasty?
bipolar hip
what do you perform a meniscectomy to repair?
a bucket handle tear in the medial cartilage of the knee
what is the main reason for a total knee?
degenerative joint disease
what is the most complex synovial joint?
the knee
what saw is used to remove bone and cartilage on the total knee?
oscillating
what are the 4 components replace in a total knee?
Femur, Tibial plate, tibial spacer and patella
what are you fusing when doing a triple arthrodesis?
the calcaneal, talonivular and calcanalcuboid joint
what is another name for a bunionectomy?
Hallux Valgus
what procedures are done for bunionectomy?
Keller or McBride
abrev. for above knee?
AK
Abrev. for below knee?
BK
what does disarticulation mean?
separation of 2 bone at the joint
what is the removal of a ganglion cyst?
ganglion excision
where is a ganglion cyst located?
the wrist
what do you need for a bier block?
a double tourniquet
who does a bier block?
anesthesia
What does carpal tunel release release?
the medial nerve
what bone does not articulate with an other boen?
the hyoid
what type of graft is from self?
autograft
what is the epiphysis of the bone?
the growth plate
where on the bone is the epiphysis located?
the ends
what is the diaphysis?
the shaft of the bone
What is osteomalacia?
softening of the bone
phalanges are:
fingers and toes
what is the best place for a bone graft?
iliac crest
how is the Fibula connected to the tibia?
by a fibrous connective tissue (cartilage)
what attaches muscle to bone?
tendons
what attaches bone to bone?
Ligament
what is another name for a compound fracture?
open fracture
what is a pathological fracture also known as?
spontaneous
what causes pathological fractures?
bone disease, osteoporosis or bone neoplasia
what is a 1-1/2 hip spica cast for ?
femoral shaft fracture
where does the 1-1/2 hip spica go?
hip to toes on affected side, hip to knee on the unaffected
which bone is the stronger, cortical or cancellous?
Cortical
where does the head of the humerus fit?
into the glenoid cavity
what is the glenoid cavity formed by?
the acromion and corticoid process of the scapula and clavical
What is the medical term for elbow?
Olecranon
what are hemostatic agents in ortho?
bone wax, thrombin, and gelfoam
ACL orginates where?
ANterior intercondylar area of the tibia
PCL originates where?
at the anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle
what is the meniscus?
fibrous cartilage of the joint of the knee
why are tendons repaired with non absorbable sutures?
because they are not very vascular and take a long time to heal
what is arthrocentesis ?
puncture of a joint
what is arthroclasia ?
breaking of a joint
what is a laminectomy?
removal of the lamina from the vertebral column
what is a synovectomy?
removal of the synovial membrane
When applying esmark where do you start?
distal
when do you remove the esmark?
when the tourniquet is set
what do you do once you take the esmark of?
roll it back up and put it on you back table
what do you use to hold stockinette in place and get rid of thebulk?
coban
what is joint reconstruction?
arthroplasty
what is the excision of the knee cap?
patellectomy
where do the fixation pins go in relation to the fracture?
proximal and distal
what are the fixation pins attached to ?
stabilizing bars
what dressing is applied at the end of an ortho procedure for compression?
ACE or elastic bandages
what is a putti platt procedure on?
shoulder
keller and mcbride treat what ?
bunions
where do you use bone cement a majority of the time?
total knee
what is the fusion of 2 or more fingers?
syndicalism
what is the lateral movement away from the midline?
abduction
palm upward=
supination
downward at the ankle=
plantar flexion
what is infection of the bone ?
osteomyelitis
