ORTHO THEORY TEST REVIEW Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Where does the sacrum and ilium articulate?
A
Sacroiliac joint
2
Q
What is another name for degenerative joint disease?
A
Osteoarthritis
3
Q
What is an example of a saddle Joint?
A
the Thumb
4
Q
where is the meniscus?
A
in the knee
5
Q
What is a meniscectomy?
A
removal of the meniscus
6
Q
What bone articulates with distal fibula and tibia?
A
Talus
7
Q
what is a comminuted fracture?
A
A fracture that is splintered or crushed in to 3 or more pieces
8
Q
What is a spiral fracture?
A
twist up the bone
9
Q
Compound fracture does what?
A
sticks out of the skin
10
Q
where is a compression fracture found?
A
The Spine
11
Q
what is the abrev. for fracture?
A
FX
12
Q
What is the abrev. for Anerior posterior?
A
AP
13
Q
what is a green stick fracture?
A
bent on one side broken on the other
14
Q
Where do you find grenstick fractures?
A
in children
15
Q
Where is a colles fracture?
A
in the wrist
16
Q
where do you find a depressed fracture?
A
the Skull
17
Q
What stage of bone healing do you see OSTEOBLAST?
A
Proliferation
18
Q
What do OSTEOCLASTS do?
A
Reshape bone
19
Q
What is delayed union?
A
Fracture that does not heal in average time
20
Q
What is mal union?
A
a fracture that heals with a deformity
21
Q
What is nonunion?
A
a fracture stops healing and does not go together
22
Q
If you have a fracture that involves a joint what is required?
A
absolute stability
23
Q
WHat is a closed reduction?
A
Reduction of a fracture without an incision
24
Q
what should you have in a closed reduciton room?
A
everything for an open reduction
25
What is a hip spica cast for?
Femoral head fracture
26
Who is responsible for keeping track of impants?
the ST
27
what are the main types of ortho implants made of?
Stainless steel
28
what is used to close sub q in ortho?
Vicryl
29
What type of suture do you use on ligaments and tendons?
nonabsorbable
30
what are 3 examples of long bones?
Tibia, Femur, Forearm
31
what is an open reduction?
reduction of a fracture with an incision
32
what do you use cortical screws on?
Hard dense bones
33
what do you use cancellous screws on?
Spongy bone
34
which screw have threads far apart?
Cancellous
35
which screw have threads close together?
Cortical
36
what is special about cannulated screws? (2)
1. they have a hole in the middle
| 2. place them over k wire
37
what are cannulated screws used on?
Femoral nec fractures
38
What do cannulated screw give?
compression
39
After you use a cannulated screw and get down to fracture, what will you hand the surgeon?
K Wire and K wire Driver
40
What is the sequence in a ORIF screw placement?
Drill, Measure, Tap, Screw
41
what do you use to measure depth of the hole for your screw?
Depth gauge
42
where fo you use IM nails?
long bones
43
what do you use electrical stimulation devices for?
to stimulate bone healing through osteogenesis
44
What does the medial end of the clavicle articulate wit?
the manubrium
45
What muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, INfraspinatus and the Subscapularis
46
what is the visualization of a joint?
Arthroscopy
47
what is the purpose of a tourniquet?
Reduce blood flow
48
What is the arthroscopy solution for visualization?
3000ml bag of saline
49
what is an acromioplasty?
Removal of the acromion process
50
where would you do a bankhart procedure?
shoulder
51
how do you prep for rotator cuff procedure?
arm shoulder and to the neck
52
what do you do with the other leg in a hip procedure if you are in supine position?
put in a well leg holder
53
What type of pillow is used after total hip?
Abduction
54
what are compression screws for?
Feoral neck fracture
55
what does a bennet retractor do?
Retracts muscles around the femur
56
what do you replace in a total hip?
the entire hip joint , acetabulum included
57
what do you replace in a hemi arthroplasty?
everything but the acetabulum
58
what is another name for a hemiarthroplasty?
bipolar hip
59
what do you perform a meniscectomy to repair?
a bucket handle tear in the medial cartilage of the knee
60
what is the main reason for a total knee?
degenerative joint disease
61
what is the most complex synovial joint?
the knee
62
what saw is used to remove bone and cartilage on the total knee?
oscillating
63
what are the 4 components replace in a total knee?
Femur, Tibial plate, tibial spacer and patella
64
what are you fusing when doing a triple arthrodesis?
the calcaneal, talonivular and calcanalcuboid joint
65
what is another name for a bunionectomy?
Hallux Valgus
66
what procedures are done for bunionectomy?
Keller or McBride
67
abrev. for above knee?
AK
68
Abrev. for below knee?
BK
69
what does disarticulation mean?
separation of 2 bone at the joint
70
what is the removal of a ganglion cyst?
ganglion excision
71
where is a ganglion cyst located?
the wrist
72
what do you need for a bier block?
a double tourniquet
73
who does a bier block?
anesthesia
74
What does carpal tunel release release?
the medial nerve
75
what bone does not articulate with an other boen?
the hyoid
76
what type of graft is from self?
autograft
77
what is the epiphysis of the bone?
the growth plate
78
where on the bone is the epiphysis located?
the ends
79
what is the diaphysis?
the shaft of the bone
80
What is osteomalacia?
softening of the bone
81
phalanges are:
fingers and toes
82
what is the best place for a bone graft?
iliac crest
83
how is the Fibula connected to the tibia?
by a fibrous connective tissue (cartilage)
84
what attaches muscle to bone?
tendons
85
what attaches bone to bone?
Ligament
86
what is another name for a compound fracture?
open fracture
87
what is a pathological fracture also known as?
spontaneous
88
what causes pathological fractures?
bone disease, osteoporosis or bone neoplasia
89
what is a 1-1/2 hip spica cast for ?
femoral shaft fracture
90
where does the 1-1/2 hip spica go?
hip to toes on affected side, hip to knee on the unaffected
91
which bone is the stronger, cortical or cancellous?
Cortical
92
where does the head of the humerus fit?
into the glenoid cavity
93
what is the glenoid cavity formed by?
the acromion and corticoid process of the scapula and clavical
94
What is the medical term for elbow?
Olecranon
95
what are hemostatic agents in ortho?
bone wax, thrombin, and gelfoam
96
ACL orginates where?
ANterior intercondylar area of the tibia
97
PCL originates where?
at the anterolateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle
98
what is the meniscus?
fibrous cartilage of the joint of the knee
99
why are tendons repaired with non absorbable sutures?
because they are not very vascular and take a long time to heal
100
what is arthrocentesis ?
puncture of a joint
101
what is arthroclasia ?
breaking of a joint
102
what is a laminectomy?
removal of the lamina from the vertebral column
103
what is a synovectomy?
removal of the synovial membrane
104
When applying esmark where do you start?
distal
105
when do you remove the esmark?
when the tourniquet is set
106
what do you do once you take the esmark of?
roll it back up and put it on you back table
107
what do you use to hold stockinette in place and get rid of thebulk?
coban
108
what is joint reconstruction?
arthroplasty
109
what is the excision of the knee cap?
patellectomy
110
where do the fixation pins go in relation to the fracture?
proximal and distal
111
what are the fixation pins attached to ?
stabilizing bars
112
what dressing is applied at the end of an ortho procedure for compression?
ACE or elastic bandages
113
what is a putti platt procedure on?
shoulder
114
keller and mcbride treat what ?
bunions
115
where do you use bone cement a majority of the time?
total knee
116
what is the fusion of 2 or more fingers?
syndicalism
117
what is the lateral movement away from the midline?
abduction
118
palm upward=
supination
119
downward at the ankle=
plantar flexion
120
what is infection of the bone ?
osteomyelitis
