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MSS Conditions > Ortho Tests > Flashcards

Ortho Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Ober test used for?

A

Dx tightness of IT band

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2
Q

What does the pt do during the Ober test?

A

Pt lies on uneffected side w/ bottom leg flexed & in line w/ shoulder & pelvis

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3
Q

What does the doc do during the Ober test?

A

Doc stabilizs iliac crest & lifts top leg which is flexed @ knee & extended @ hip. Doc slowly lowers leg.

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4
Q

What is a + Ober test?

A

If pt cant adduct leg past neutral.

(IT band is too tight)

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5
Q

What is the Piriformis test used for?

A

Look for tightness in the muscle or sciatic n. pain

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6
Q

What does the pt do during the piriformis test?

A

Pt lies on uneffected side w/ hip @ 60° F & knee F

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7
Q

What does the doc do during the piriformis test?

A

Stabilize pelvis, apply downward traction on knee & internally rotate leg

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8
Q

What is + Piriformis test?

A

Pain shoots down posterior thigh

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9
Q

What is Thomas test used for?

A

To rule out a hip flexion contracture

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10
Q

What does the pt do during the Thomas test?

A

Pt lies supine w/ one leg bent & the other extended

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11
Q

What is a + Thomas test?

A
  • Contralateral hip flexes w/o knee extension→ tight iliopsoas
  • Hip abducts during test→ tight tensor fascia lata (IT band)
  • Knee extension occurs→ tigh rectus femoris
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12
Q

What is the Hip Scouring test used for?

A
  • Hip labrum
  • Capsulitis
  • Osteochondral defects
  • Acetabular defects
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Avascular necrosis
  • Femoral acetabular impingment syndrome
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13
Q

What does the pt do during the Hip Scouring test?

A

Pt lies supine w/ affected leg F

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14
Q

What does the doc do during the Hip Scouring test?

A

Doc F & ADDucts hip while applying a downward force. Then, externally/internally R knee

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15
Q

What is a + Hip Scouring test?

A

Pain or pt is apprehensive

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16
Q

What is Patrick’s test used for?

A

Assessment for gross hip motion. Differentiate b/w hip joint pathology & SI SD

(Pain is either deep in the hip joint or toward the back)

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17
Q

What does FABRE stand for?

A
  • Flexion
  • ABDuction
  • External Rotation
  • Extension
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18
Q

How is Patella Femoral Grinding Test done?

A
  • Pt supine w/ knee extended
  • Doc pushes patella caudad in trochlear groove & holds it
  • Pt contracts quads against doc
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19
Q

What indicates a + Patella Femoral Grinding test?

A

Crepitus or pain→ roughness of articulating surfaces

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20
Q

What is Nobles test?

A

Repetitive F/E of knee while palpating lateral epicondyle

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21
Q

What indicates a + Nobles test?

A

Pt complains of pain over lateral epicondyle @ 30° F

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22
Q

What is Knee Effusion Test (Bounce-Home test) used for?

A

Degenerative Joint dz (osteoarthritis)

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23
Q

How is Knee Effusion Test perfomed?

A
  • Pt is supine w/ knee semi-flexed
  • Pt’s heel is supported in one hand & the calf is supported w/ the other
  • The hand under the calf is carefully removed & the knee allowed to extend fully
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24
Q

What indicates a + Knee Effusion Test?

A

Failure to extend knee fully→ Inc joint fluid

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25
Q

What is Apley’s test used for?

A

Evaluate pt for problems w/ the meniscus in the knee

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26
Q

What does the pt do during Apley’s test?

A

Pt lies prone w/ affected knee F to 90

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27
Q

What does the doc do during the Apley’s test?

A

Doc compresses tibia into the knee joint & externally rotates the leg

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28
Q

What indicates a + Apley’s test?

A

If the maneuver produces pain

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29
Q

What is the McMurray test used for?

A

Evaluating tears in the meniscus

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30
Q

How is the McMurray test perfomed for medial meniscus?

A
  • Knee completely Flexed while the foot is held by the sole w/ the other hand.
  • Doc places one hand on the lateral side of the knee to stabilize the joint and provide a valgus stress in order to identify a valgus deformity.
  • The other hand **externally R leg **while extending the knee
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31
Q

How is the McMurray test performed for the lateral menisucs?

A

Knee stabilized in a fully Flexed position and the leg internally rotated as the leg is extended

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32
Q

What indicates a + McMurray test?

A

Pain, palpable or audible “click”

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33
Q

What is the Lachman test used for?

A

Test for ACL injury

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34
Q

How is the Lachman test performed?

A
  • The knee is flexed at 30 degrees
  • Doc pulls on the tibia to assess the amount of anterior motion of the tibia in comparison to the femur
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35
Q

What indicates a + Lachman test?

A

An ACL-deficient knee will demonstrate increased forward translation of the tibia at the conclusion of the movement or “soft/mushy” endpoint

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36
Q

What is the Anterior Drawer test used for?

A

Test for ACL laxity

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37
Q

What does the pt do during the Anterior Drawer test?

A

Pt lies supine w/ hips F to 45° & Knee to 90°

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38
Q

What does the doc do during the Anterior Drawer test?

A
  • Thumbs grasp tibia below the knee along the patellar tendon
  • Fingers grasp the hamstrings to ensure they are relaxed
  • The tibia is then drawn forward anteriorly
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39
Q

What indicates a + Anterior Drawer test?

A

Inc anterior tibial translation, compared to other limb, or lack of fim end point

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40
Q

What is the Posterior Drawer test used for?

A

Assess PCL laxity

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41
Q

How is the posterior drawer test performed?

A

Same as the anterior drawer test except the tibia is translated posteriorly

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42
Q

What indicates a + Posterior drawer test?

A

If the tibia translates posterior further than the other limb or if there is a lack of a firm end point

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43
Q

What is the Varus stress test used for?

A

Assess LCL

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44
Q

What does the pt do during the Varus stress test?

A

Pt lies supine w/ affected leg extended of the table w/ knee F 20

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45
Q

What does the doc do during the Varus Stress test?

A

The doc stabilizes the pt’s ankle while applying a varus stress (medial to lateral pressure) @ the knee

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46
Q

What indicates a + Varus stress test?

A

Laxity or pt discomfort

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47
Q

What is the Valgus Stress test used for?

A

Assess MCL

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48
Q

Wat does the pt do during the Valgus stress test?

A

Pt lies supine w/ affected leg extended off the table & knee F 20

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49
Q

What does the doc do during Valgus stress test?

A

Stabilize ankle while applying a Valgus stress (lateral to medial pressure) @ knee

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50
Q

What indicates a + Valgus stress test?

A

Pt discomfort or laxity

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51
Q

What is Pivot test used for?

A

Assess ACL injury

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52
Q

How is Pivot test performed?

A

Flex knee with internal rotation and then flex knee while applying a valgus force to the proximal tibia

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53
Q

What indicates a + Pivot test?

A

Clunk/give is felt during knee flexion

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54
Q

What is the Posterior Sag test used for?

A

Tests for rotary instability posteriorly and/or torn PCL

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55
Q

How is the Posterior Sag test performed?

A

Pt lies supine w/ hip & knee are Flexed to 90°while the doc supports the leg under the lower calf or heel in the air.

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56
Q

What indicates a + Posterior Sag test?

A

Posterior sag of the tibia caused by gravitational pull

57
Q

What is the Thessaly test used for?

A

Test for meniscal injury

58
Q

How is the Thessaly test performed?

A
  • Pt stands flat footed on one leg while doc provides hands for balance.
  • Pt then flexes the knee to 20° & rotates the femur on the tibia medially & laterally three times while maintaining the 20° flexion.
  • Pt tests first the good leg & then the injured leg
59
Q

What indicates a + Thessaly test?

A

Pt experiences medial or lateral joint line discomfort. The patient may also have a sense of locking or catching in the knee.

60
Q

What is the Talar Tilt test used for?

A

Asses an ankle sprain

61
Q

What does the pt do during a Talar Tilt test?

A

Pt sits w/ leg off the table

62
Q

What does the doc do during a Talar Tilt test?

A

Doc stabilizes ankle w/ one hand & holds calcaneous into platar flexion w/ the other. Doc induces inversion & eversion of the foot

63
Q

What indicates a + Talar Tilt test?

A
  • Translation into Inversion–tear of calcaneofibular ligament
  • Translation into Eversion–tear of Deltoid ligament
64
Q

What is the Squeeze test used for?

A

Assess high ankle sprain or syndesmosis

65
Q

How is the Squeeze test perfomed?

A

The pt dorsiflexes foot w/ leg off the table as the doc squeezes the tibia & fibula @ midshaft

66
Q

What indicates a + Squeeze test?

A

Weak plantar flexion or pain

67
Q

What is the Thompson test used for?

A

Assess Achilles tendon rupture

68
Q

How is the Thompson test performed?

A

Pt lies prone as the doc squeezes the gastrosoleus complex

69
Q

What indicates a + Thompson test?

A

Pt can’t plantar flex

70
Q

What is the Cross Arm test used for?

A
  • AC joint
  • Acromion process
  • Proximal end of clavicle
  • Ligamentous structures of the AC joint
71
Q

How is the Cross arm test performed?

A

Doc passively moves the humerus across the chest by F to 90° & horizontally ADDucting the shoulder

72
Q

What indicates a + Cross arm test?

A

Pain, crepitus, or separation at the acromioclavicular joint

73
Q

What is the shoulder Apprehension test used for?

A

Test for Shoulder instability

74
Q

What does the pt do during should Aprehension test?

A

Pt lies on the table supine w/ the shoulder abducted 90° & max ER

75
Q

What does the doc do during the shoulder Apprehension test?

A

Doc supports the humerus w/ one hand while applying overpressure to ER

76
Q

What indicates a + shoulder Apprehension test?

A

Pt reacting to the movement by preventing further rotation or appearing apprehensive

77
Q

What is the Jobes Relocation test used for?

A

Asses anterior shoulder stability

78
Q

How is Jobes Relocation test performed?

A
  • Perform after positive apprehension test
  • Apply posterior force over humeral head during ER
79
Q

What indicates a + Jobes Relocation test?

A

Inc ER tolerance before apprehension/sx

80
Q

What is the Hawkins test used for?

A

Asses shoulder instability

81
Q

How is the Hawkin’s test perfomed?

A

Pt sits w/ arm F to 90° & elbow F to 90

Doc stabilizes elbow & IR arm

82
Q

Wha indicates a + Hawkins test?

A

Pain located to the sub-acromial space

83
Q

What is Neer SIGN used for?

A

Assess shoulder impingement

84
Q

How is Neer SIGN performed?

A

Starting w/ arm extended at side, the doc IR pts arm & passively moves the arm through fowarrd F

85
Q

What indicates a + Neer SIGN?

A

Pain located to the sub-acromial space or anterior edge of acromion

86
Q

What is Neer TEST used for?

A

Shoulder impingement

87
Q

How is Neer TEST performed?

A

Inject lidocine subacromial after Neer SIGN & get dramatic inc in strenght/ROM

88
Q

What is the Empy Can test used for?

A

Asses ingegrity of Supraspinatus tendon

89
Q

How is the Empty Can test performed?

A

Pt tested at 90° elevation in the scapula plane & full IR

Pt resists downward pressure exerted by doc at patients elbow or wrist

90
Q

What indicates a + Empty can test?

A

Pain located to subacromial region &/or weakness

91
Q

What is Yergason’s test used for?

A

Biceps tendonitis

92
Q

How is Yergason’s test performed?

A

Doctor stabilizes elbow & wrist

Pt attempts ER (supination) & extension against resistance

93
Q

What indicates a + Yergason’s test?

A

Pain & poppping located to bicipital groove area

94
Q

What is Speeds test used for?

A

Biceps tendonitis

95
Q

How is Speeds Test Performed?

A

Pt’s elbow is extended, forearm supinated & the humerus elevated to 60°

Doc resists humeral forward flexion

96
Q

What indicates a + Speeds test?

A

Pain located to bicipital groove

Weakness w/o pain= rupture

97
Q

What muscles is tested w/ Lift off sign or Belly press?

A

Subscapularis

98
Q

What is the Phalen maneuver used for?

A

Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

99
Q

How is Phalen maneuver perfomed?

A

Pt holds wrist in complete & forced flexion for 30–60 seconds

100
Q

What indicates a + Phalen maneuver?

A

Burning, tingling or numb sensation over the thumb, index, middle and ring finger

101
Q

How is Tinels sign performed?

A

Doc taps b/n the olecranon & the medial epicondyle (ulnar groove), attempting to elicit a tingling sensation down the forearm of the ulnar nerve distribution

102
Q

What is Spurlings test used for?

A

Checks for disc &/or neural impingement issues

103
Q

How is Spurling’s test performed?

A

Doc extends the pt’s neck & rotates/SBs it to one side with axial compression (caudad)on the pt’s head

104
Q

What indicates a + Spurlings test?

A

Pain elicited down the ipsilateral arm from the neck

105
Q

What is Adson’s test used for?

A

Evaluates vascular compromise originating in the neck area

(either scalene muscle compression or a cervical rib).

106
Q

How is Adson’s test performed?

A
  • Doc palpates the radial pulse on the affected arm with the arm at pt’s side.
  • As pulse is monitored, doc moves pt’s arm into 90° of ABD & ER
  • Pt takes a deep breath & turns head toward the raised arm
107
Q

What indicates a + Adson’s test?

A

Marked diminution/loss of pulse

(subclavian a. compression)

108
Q

What is Cozen’s sign used for?

A

Assess lateral epicondylitis

109
Q

How is Cozen’s sign performed?

A
  • Pt sits w/ elbow F to 90°
  • Doctor stabilizes the elbow
  • Pt makes a fist, pronate & extend the wrist
  • Doc applies a resistive force to the extending wrist
110
Q

What indicates a + Cozen’s test?

A

Pain at the lateral epicondyle

111
Q

What cervical roots are tested w/ Biceps reflex?

A

C5 & C6

112
Q

What cervical roots are tested w/ Brachioradialis?

A

C5, C6, C7

113
Q

What cervical roots are tested w/ Triceps reflex?

A

C6 & C7

114
Q

How is the motor neuro testing for the bicep performed?

A
  • Pts elbow F to 90° & forearm is placed in supination
  • Doc places one hand under elbow for stabilization and the other hand at the distal forearm to resist movement
  • Instruct the patient to flex the forearm.
115
Q

How is motor neuro testing for brachioradial performed?

A
  • Pt’s elbow is F to 90° & forearm is placed in neutral w/ the palm facing medially
  • Doc places one hand under elbow for stabilization & the other hand at the distal forearm
  • Pt flexes forearm
116
Q

How is motor neuro testing for the triceps performed?

A
  • Pt’s arm is ABD to 90° & elbow is F to 90°
  • Doc places one hand under the elbow joint for stabilization & the other hand at the distal forearm to resist the movement
  • Pt extends forearm
117
Q

What is Finkelstein’s test used for?

A

Dx DeQuervain’s tenosynovitis in people who have wrist pain

118
Q

How is Finkelstein’s test performed?

A

Doc grasps the thumb & the hand is ulnar deviated sharply

119
Q

What indicates a + Finkelstein test?

A

If sharp pain occurs along the distal radius

120
Q

What is the Ankle Drawer test used for?

A

Test integrity of the anterior & posterior talofibular ligaments

121
Q

How is the Ankle Drawer test performed?

A

For Anterior:
Pt supine, stabilize distal tibia, grasp posterior heel, pull anterior with posterior tibial counterforce

For posterior:
switch hands and force

122
Q

What indicates a + Ankle Drawer test?

A

Laxity in either direction

123
Q

What is the Drop Arm test used for?

A

Asses Rotator Cuff pathology

124
Q

How is the Drop Arm Test performed?

A

Doc abducts an staight arm to the pt side & drops it instructing the pt to lower their arm down slowly

125
Q

What indicates a + drop arm test?

A

Pt can’t lower their arm down slowly & their arm drops to their side

Rotator cuff tear

126
Q

How is AC shear test performed?

A

Interlock fingers with hand on distal clavicle & spine of scapula

127
Q

What indicates a + AC shear test?

A

Pain in A-C joint when hands squeezed together

128
Q

What is the Sulcus sign used for?

A

Inferior Instability of shoulder

129
Q

How is the sulcus sign performed?

A

Arm relaxed in neutral position, pull downward at elbow

130
Q

What indicates a + Sulcus sign?

A

Sulcus at infra-acromial area

131
Q

What is O’brien’s test used for?

A

SLAP lesion (Superior Labrum Antero-Posterior)

Labral/AC pathology

132
Q

How is O’Brien’s test performed?

A

Arm flexed to 90°, elbow extended, adduct 10-15°, resist downward force

133
Q

What indicates a + O’Brien’s test?

A

AC pain or internal pain/click

134
Q

What is Crank test used for?

A

Glenoid labrum injury

135
Q

How is Crank test performed?

A

Abduct arm to 160°, pt is supine or upright, elbow secured with one hand axial load at shoulder with other

136
Q

What indicates a + Crank test?

A

Audible/painful catch/grind is noted

137
Q

What is the Allen’s test used for?

A

Test for radial & ulnar artery insufficency

138
Q

How is the Allen’s test performed?

A

Pt rapidly open and close fist then hold it closed
Occlude ulnar and radial artery
Open fist and release one artery–look for pink - repeat for opposite artery

139
Q

What indicates a + Allen’s test?

A

Poor return of color

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