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Clin Med III > Ortho Test 1 > Flashcards

Ortho Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae and nerve roots are there?

A

5 of each

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2
Q

Do nerve roots of the lumber spine exit above or below their corresponding pedicle?

A

below

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3
Q

If there’s a disc herniating into the L4-L5 space, what nerve root will be affected?

A

L5

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4
Q

What is the classification of fractures of the thoracolumbar spine based on?

A

the involvement of the three columns (anterior, middle, posterior)

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5
Q

contents of the thoracolumbar anterior column

A
  • anterior longitudinal ligament
  • anterior aspect of the vertebral body
  • anterior aspect of the annulus
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6
Q

contents of the thoracolumbar middle column

A
  • posterior longitudinal ligament
  • posterior aspect of the vertebral body
  • posterior annulus
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7
Q

contents of the thoracolumbar posterior column

A
  • pedicles
  • facet joints and capsules
  • ligamentum flavum
  • osseous neural arch
  • interspinous ligaments
  • supraspinous ligaments
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8
Q

Manners in which the thoracolumbar columns can fail

A
  • compression
  • distraction
  • rotation
  • shear
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9
Q

four main types of thoracolumbar spine injuries

A
  • compression fx
  • burst fx
  • flexion-distraction injuries
  • fracture-dislocations
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10
Q

describe the flexion-distraction injury through thoracolumbar vertebrae

A

it’s like the vertebra has been ripped through the middle in a horizontal plane, from posterior to anterior

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11
Q

describe the flexion-distraction injury through thoracolumbar soft tissue

A

it’s like the tissue in between the vertebrae has been ripped through the middle in a horizontal plane, from posterior to anterior

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12
Q

fracture of the thoracolumbar spine that involves a failure of the anterior column, but the middle column remains intact

A

compression fracture

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13
Q

describe a burst fx of the thoracolumbar spine

A
  • failure of the anterior and middle columns

- retropulsion of bony fragments into the spinal canal

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14
Q

what thoracolumbar spine columns are injured in a flexion-distraction injury?

A

all three columns

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15
Q

are flexion-distraction injuries of the thoracolumbar spine stable?

A
  • bony chance injuries are stable because the posterior ligaments remain intact
  • soft tissue chance injuries are unstable because of disruption of the posterior ligaments
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16
Q

describe fracture-dislocations of the thoracolumbar spine

A

failure of all three columns with resultant instability

17
Q

describe the pain associated with a coccyx fx

A
  • hurts a lot and for a long time
  • point tende
  • tender with DRE
  • helped when sitting on a donut or phone book
18
Q

Describe a simple wedge fx of the cervical spine

A
  • fx of the anteriosuperior end plate of the vertebral body

- can be unstable if associated with posterior ligament disruption

19
Q

describe an anterior teardrop fx of the cervical spine

A
  • Fracture of the cervical spine caused by the sudden pull of the anterior longitudinal ligament on the anterior, inferior aspect of the vertebral body following extreme hyperextension of the neck
  • unstable
  • associated with complete diruption of ligaments
20
Q

what are the 2 flexion injuries of the cervical spine?

A
  • clay shoveler’s fx

- bilateral facet dislocation

21
Q

describe a clay shoveler’s fx

A
  • avulsion of the spinous process of lower vertebrae, usually C7
  • stable
22
Q

describe a bilateral facet dislocation of the cervical spine

A
  • extremely unstable
  • can have associated disc herniation
  • occurs when a vertebra’s inferior facet dislocates anteriorly over the lower vertebra’s superior facet, locking in the intervertebral foramens
23
Q

what are the “flexion with rotation” injuries of the cervical spine?

A
  • unilateral facet dislocation with fracture
  • pilar fracture
  • pediculolaminar fx
24
Q

describe a pilar fx of the cervical spine

A
  • vertical or oblique fx of the articular mass

- stable

25
Q

describe a pediculolaminar fx of the cervical spine

A
  • involves part of the pedicle and part of the lamina

- variety of severities

26
Q

what are the extension injuries of the cervical spine?

A
  • fx of the anterior arch of Atlas
  • fx of the posterior arch of Atlas
  • Hangman’s fx
27
Q

describe a fx of the anterior arch of Atlas

A
  • avulsion fx

- unstable

28
Q

describe a fx of the posterior arch of Atlas

A
  • compression between the axis and occiput

- high association with other fractures

29
Q

describe a Hangman’s fx

A
  • fracture of C2 pedicles with anterior displacement

- unstable

30
Q

what are the lateral flexion injuries of the cervical spine?

A
  • uncinate process fx

- Jefferson fx

31
Q

describe an uncinate process fx of the cervical spine

A

transverse fx of the base of the uncinate process by the superior vertebral body

32
Q

describe a Jefferson fx

A
  • occipital condyles are driven into C1, forcing the lateral masses apart
  • often associates with rupture of the transverse ligament
  • unstable
33
Q

describe a type I odontoid fx

A
  • fx of the superior tip
  • transverse ligament remains intact
  • stable
34
Q

describe a type II odontoid fx

A
  • at the junction of the odontoid and the vertebral body

- most common

35
Q

describe a type III odontoid fx

A

-through the superior portion of C at the base of the odontoid

Clin Med III (4 decks)

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