Ortho pain management Flashcards
Schedule II
High abuse potential Psychological or Physical dependence No refills or verbal orders Codeine Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Morphine Cocaine Fentanyl Methadone Meperidine
Schedule III
Moderate abuse potential (Less than I&II) Max 5 refills/6 mos Verbal orders allowed Stimulants Benzphetamine Clortemine Depressants: Ketamine Pentobarbital Secobarbital Sulfomethane
Schedule IV
Low abuse potential Max 5 refills/6mo Verbal orders allowed Examples – benzodiazepines, sedatives/hypnotics Alprazolam Barbital Clonazepam Lorazepam Midazolam Phenobarbital Diazepam
Acetic Acid group: NSAIDS
Diclofenac, Etodolac, Indomethacin, Ketorolac
Thought to inhibit cyclooxygenase, reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis
Usually fairly cheap
This class is effective for management of arthritis associated pain(rheumatoid, osteo, ankylosing)
Muscle relaxants
CNS depressants
Caution with renal and hepatic insufficiency.
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, bleeding agranulocytosis with long term use primarily so no initial or follow-up labs unless symptoms occur
Frequently used with ETOH or other opioids for abusive purposes!
Can have withdrawal from muscle relaxants
Taper off to avoid withdrawal
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Disorder of a body region usually extremities
Characterized by pain, swelling, limited range of motion, and skin changes
Tx. with steroids, capsaicin cream, propanolol
Drug Seeking Behavior
Requests for early refills Multisourcing Intoxicated behaviors Pressuring behaviors “allergic” to nonopioid meds Often tend to know the names of opioid meds
