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Internship > Ortho - NDH Hospital Learning/ Guidelines > Flashcards

Ortho - NDH Hospital Learning/ Guidelines Flashcards

1
Q

Where does ulnar nerve run in relation to elbow?

A

Runs on posterior medial aspect of elbow

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2
Q

Where does median nerve run in relation to elbow?

A

Runs anterior to cubical fossa

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3
Q

Splint Mx for compound tibia #?

A
  1. Backslab for 8/52

2. PTB for 4/52

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4
Q

How does wt bearing help in # healing?

A
  1. Causes micro-stress

2. Helps form and strength callous

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5
Q

How long in general to keep POP/backslab for?

A

6/52

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6
Q

When to do above elbow backslab?

A

When any radius or ulna # affecting the diaphysis

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7
Q

When to do below elbow backslab?

A

When any radius or ulna # involving epiphysis or metaphysis

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8
Q

Kanavel cardinal signs of flexor sheath infection:

A
  1. A finger held in slight flexion
  2. Fusiform swelling of the affected digit
  3. Tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath
  4. Pain with passive extension of the digit.
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9
Q

Indications for surgery for ankle #:

A
  1. Compound #
  2. Syndesmotic #/ Weber C
  3. All bimalleolar #s
  4. Trimalleolar #
  5. Failure of non-op Mx
  6. Loss of medial buttress
  7. Ipsilateral # (relative indication)
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10
Q

Which carpal bone dislocations are emergencies and need immediate intervention?

A
  1. Lunate dislocations

2. Perilunate dislocations

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11
Q
  • [ ] Mx open #:
A
  • [ ] ATLS
    • [ ] ATT
    • [ ] Analgesia
    • [ ] ABx:
      • [ ] Ranzol first line
      • [ ] Add Flagyl + Genta for triple cover
      • [ ] Check renal Fx before starting genta
    • [ ] Washout:
      • [ ] With N/S
      • [ ] Can add some iodine
      • [ ] Wash until macro clean
    • [ ] Dress wound:
      • [ ] Jelonet + gauze
      • [ ] No jelonet - N/S soaked gauze or betadine ointment on gauze
      • [ ] Then crepe
    • [ ] Immobilise
      • [ ] Back slab since lots of swelling
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12
Q

Mx of closed # requiring OT:

A
  1. Immobilise
  2. Analgesia
  3. Limb elevation
  4. Soft tissue R/V
  5. Once swelling reduced - ORIF
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13
Q

Compartments of the forearm:

A

3 in total

  1. Volar - most commonly affected
  2. Dorsal
  3. Mobile wad - lateral
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14
Q

Hand compartments

A

10 in total

  1. Hypothenar
  2. Thenar
  3. Adductor pollicis
  4. dorsal interosseous (x4)
  5. Volar (palmar) interosseous (x3)
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15
Q

What’s is osteoporosis?

A
  1. Decrease in bone mass

2. With disrupted bone microarchitecture

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16
Q

Dx of osteoporosis:

A
  1. Diagnosis is made with a lumbar-based DEXA scan

2. T-score >2.5 standard of deviations below the peak bone mass of a 25-year-old individual

17
Q

Zones of the hand:

A

I: Distal to FDS insertion

II: FDS insertion to distal palmar crease/proximal A1 pulley

III: Palm

IV: Carpal tunnel

V: Carpel tunnel to forearm

18
Q

Classification of tibial plateau #:

A

Schatzker Classification:

Type I - Lateral split fracture

Type II - Lateral Split-depressed fracture

Type III - Lateral Pure depression fracture

Type IV - Medial plateau fracture

Type V - Bicondylar fracture

Type VI - Metaphyseal-diaphyseal disassociation

19
Q

Classification of tibial plafond #:

A

Ruedi and Allgower Classification:

Type I - Nondisplaced

Type II - Simple displacement with incongruous joint

Type III - Comminuted articular surface

20
Q

What is a tibial plafond #?

A
  1. Fracture of the distal end of the tibia
  2. Most commonly associated with:
  3. Comminution
  4. Intra-articular extension
  5. Significant soft tissue injury.
21
Q

Primary ligaments of ankle include:

A

Medial:
Deltoid ligament
Calcaneonavicular ligament (Spring Ligament)

Lateral:
Syndesmosis (includes AITFL, PITFL, TTFL, IOL, ITL)
Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
Calcaneal fibular ligament (CFL)
Lateral talocalcaneal ligament (LTCL)
22
Q

Syndesmosis components

A
  1. Anterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL)
  2. Posterior-inferior tibiofibular ligament (PITFL)
  3. Transverse ligament
  4. Transverse tibiofibular ligament(TTFL)
  5. Interosseous ligament (IOL)
23
Q

Classification of lateral malleolus fractures:

A

Danis-Weber (location of fibular fracture)

A - infrasyndesmotic (generally not associated with ankle instability)
B - transsyndesmotic
C - suprasyndesmotic

24
Q

Classification of supracondylar fractures:

A

Gartland classification

Type I - Undisplaced

Type II - Displaced in 1 plane

Type III - Displaced in 2 or 3 planes

Type IV - Complete periosteal disruption with instability in flexion and extension

25
Q

Orders of ossification centers of elbow

A

CRITOE

Capitellum - 1 yr

Radial head - 3 yr

Internal epicondyle - 5 yr

Trochlear - 7 yr

Olecranon - 9 yr

External epicondyle - 11 yr

26
Q

Classification of NOF #:

A

Garden Classification

Type I - Incomplete fx (valgus impacted)

Type II - Complete fx, nondisplaced

Type III - Complete fx, partially displaced

Type IV - Complete fx, fully displaced

27
Q

Types of hand sepsis:

A
  1. Felon infection (pulp space)
  2. Paronychial infection
  3. Tenosynovitis
  4. Superficial palmar sepsis
  5. Deep palmar sepsis

Internship (10 decks)

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