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ISCE RESIT > ORTHO/IOTN - STATION 1 > Flashcards

ORTHO/IOTN - STATION 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Point S indicates what

A

Sella (S) The midpoint of the sella turcica (pituitary fossa)

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2
Q

Point N indicates what

A

Nasion (N) The most anterior point on the fronto-nasal suture

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3
Q

Pont ANS indicates what

A

Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS) The tip of the anterior nasal spine

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4
Q

Point PNS indicates what

A

Posterior Nasal Spine (PNS) The tip of the posterior nasal spine

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5
Q

Point A indicates what

A

A point (A) The point of the deepest concavity anteriorly on the maxillary alveolus

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6
Q

Point B indicates what

A

B point (B) The point of the deepest concavity anteriorly on the mandibular symphysis

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7
Q

point Pog indicates wha

A

Pogonion (Pog) The most anterior point on the mandibular symphysis

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8
Q

point M indicates what

A

Menton (Me) The most inferior point on the mandibular symphysis

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9
Q

point Gn indicates what

A

Gnathion (Gn) The most anterior, inferior point on the mandibular symphysis

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10
Q

point Go indicates what

A

Gonion (Go) The most posterior, inferior point on the mandibular angle

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11
Q

Point O indicates what

A

Orbitale (Or) The most anterior, inferior point on the infraorbital rim

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12
Q

point Po indicates what

A

Porion (Po) The upper midpoint point on the external auditory meatus

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13
Q

the frankfort horizontal line/plane involves which points on the lateral cephalogram

A

Point O to Po

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14
Q

what is the name of the plane demonstrated by a line through the gonion and menton?

A

Mandibular Plane (MnPl)

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15
Q

what is the name of the plane demonstrated by a line through the anterior and posterior nasal spines

A

Maxillary Plane (MxPl)

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16
Q

what is the mean value and standard deviation of the SNA angle, what does the SNA angle represent?

A

SNA angle = 81˚±3˚

This angle represents the relative anterioposterior position of the maxilla to the cranial base

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17
Q

what is the mean value and standard deviation of the SNB angle, what does the SNB angle represent?

A

78˚±3˚

This angle represents the relative anterioposterior position of the mandible to the cranial base

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18
Q

what is the mean value and standard deviation of the ANB angle, what does the ANB angle represent?

A

This angle represents the relative anterioposterior position of the maxilla to the mandible and can be used to determine skeletal class.

ANB = 3˚±2˚

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19
Q

what is the inter-incisal angle

A

The angle between the long axis of the maxillary incisors and the long axis of the mandibular incisors

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20
Q

what is the mean value and standard deviation for the inter-incisal angle

A

Inter-incisal angle

135˚±10˚

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21
Q

what is the mean value and standard deviation for the maxillary-mandibular plane angle (MMPA) angle

A

The angle formed between the Maxillary Plane and Mandibular Plane

MMPA = 27˚±4˚

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22
Q

what is the maxillary incisor inclination

what is the mean value and standard deviation for the maxillary incisal inclination

A

The angle between the maxillary plane and the axis of the maxillary incisors

109˚±6˚

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23
Q

what is the mandibular incisor inclination

what is the mean value and standard deviation for the mandibular incisal inclination

A

The angle between the mandibular plane and the axis of the mandibular incisors

93˚±6˚

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24
Q

If the angle of the ANB is between 2-4°

what is the skeletal pattern

A

the anteroposterior skeletal pattern is largely considered to be Class I

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25
If the angle of the ANB is less 2° what is the skeletal pattern
the anteroposterior skeletal pattern is largely considered to be Class III
26
If the angle of the ANB is greater 4° what is the skeletal pattern
the anteroposterior skeletal pattern is largely considered to be Class II
27
Assessment of the position of each jaw relative to the cranial base gives an indication of which jaw may be contributing to a?
malocclusion
28
The most anterior part of the maxilla and the mandible can be palpated in the midline through the base of the lips. The relationship of the mandible relative to the maxilla can be classified as
Class I – when the mandible lies 2–3 mm posterior to the maxilla. The profile is straight. Class II – when the mandible is retrusive relative to the maxilla. The profile is convex. The discrepancy should also be classified as mild, moderate or severe. Class III – when the maxilla is retrusive relative to the mandible. The profile is concave. The discrepancy should also be classified as mild, moderate or severe.
29
Vertically in the frontal view, the face can be split into thirds. What are they
Lower anterior face height (LAFH) also known as the Menton Middle face height also known as Glabella (should be approx. equal to the LAFH) Trichion upper third
30
Where is the mandibular plane?
Is the plane that starts at the menton to the angle of mandible
31
Which of the dental arches should be slightly wider that the other?
The maxilla
32
What is a cross bite?
A crossbite is a type of malocclusion, or misalignment of teeth, where upper teeth fit inside of lower teeth. This misalignment can affect a single tooth or groups of teeth, involving the front teeth, back teeth or both
33
What are the 5 main types of cross bites?
1. Anterior crossbite 2. Posterior crossbite 3. Single tooth crossbite 4. Unilateral crossbite 5. Bilateral crossbite
34
What is anterior crossbite
In this condition, one or more upper front teeth are positioned behind the lower front teeth, according to the American Association of Orthodontists. This condition is distinct from an underbite, in which all of the top teeth or jaw are positioned behind the bottom teeth.
35
What is a posterior crossbite
In a normal bite, the upper back teeth sit slightly outside of lower back teeth. However, in a posterior crossbite, it’s the opposite—the upper back teeth sit inside the lower back teeth
36
What is a bilateral crossbite?
A bilateral crossbite affects the back teeth of both sides of your jaws. In this condition, the top back teeth are situated inside of the bottom back teeth
37
What is the most common reason for a bilateral crossbite
Often result of the upper jaw being underdeveloped
38
What is unilateral posterior crossbite?
A unilateral crossbite involves misalignment on only one side of your mouth. A unilateral posterior crossbite is where only one side of the mouth has the top back teeth sitting inside the bottom back teeth
39
the readings of lateral cephalogram show measurements of the SNA at 85° what does this indicate
the maxilla is prognathic normal range 81˚±3˚
40
the readings of lateral cephalogram show measurements of the SNA at 78° what does this indicate
the maxilla is retrognathic normal range 81˚±3˚
41
the readings of lateral cephalogram show measurements of the SNB at 82° what does this indicate
the mandible is prognathic normal range is 78˚±3˚
42
the readings of lateral cephalogram show measurements of the SNB at 75° what does this indicate
the mandible is retrognathic normal range is 78˚±3˚
43
the lateral cephalogram shows that there is an upper incisor angle of 115° what does this indicate
the upper incisors are proclined normal range is 109˚±6˚
44
the lateral cephalogram shows that there is an upper incisor angle of 101° what does this indicate
the upper incisors are retroclined normal range is 109˚±6˚
45
what landmarks are used to measure the U1 angle
maxillary plane angle (PNS to ANS) with a vertical line in the central incisor intersecting it.
46
the lateral cephalogram shows that there is an lower incisor angle of 99° what does this indicate
proclined lower incisors normal range is 93˚±6˚
47
the lateral cephalogram shows that there is an lower incisor angle of 87° what does this indicate
retroclined lower incisors normal range is 93˚±6˚
48
vertical relationships are generally assessed by looking at the
MMPA
49
what causes an overbite
largely genetic Using pacifiers late into a child's development and finger or thumb sucking are all causes of an overbite
50
How would you position yourself to assess the vertical skeletal pattern on a patient?
In front of them
51
Assessment of the lip in relation to the teeth is done at two points:
lips at rest and lips whilst smiling
52
During rest of the lips what two things should you see?
Lips should touch each other or at most should show 1-2 upper teeth.
53
During rest if the lips are touching each other or maximum two teeth are showing we would refer to this as?
Competent lip
54
If the lips are apart during rest and is showing more than 4mm of teeth, what would we refer to this as?
Incompetent lip
55
What are the most common reasons for an incompetent lip?
Proclined or protruded front teeth
56
On smile for males how much of the incisors would you expect to see?
Full length of the incisor
57
On smile for females how much of the incisors would you expect to see?
Full length of the incisors plus 1-2mm of the gingiva is considered a youth full smile
58
Sometime in females, there is an increased exposure of the gingiva known as gummy smile, what is the common reason for this?
Increase vertical growth of the maxilla or short length of the upper lip
59
It is common to see patients with mix dentition, so it is important to be able to differentiate between primary and secondary tooth. What can you do to help aid in deciding if it is primary or secondary?
If the tooths presence co-relates with the patient’s age Check to see if it is firm or mobile
60
From what age onwards is it important to assess the position of the maxillary canines?
10 years onwards. Should be palpable above the deciduous canines
61
If you cannot palpate the maxillary canines at age 10 years what would, you do to locate them?
Take an x-ray to locate their position
62
what are the 4 things that are assessed for the lower labial segment?
Inclination/aligned/crowded/spaced
63
How would you describe this image?
Bi-maxillary proclination
64
What are the severity parameters for crowding?
0-4 mm – mild 4-8 mm – moderate > 8 mm – severe
65
What type of analysis is required when the primary molars and canines are still present?
Mix dentition analysis
66
What would you expect to see with someone who has nickel allergy suffering from contact dermatitis?
Rash or bumps on the skin. Itching, which may be severe. Redness or changes in skin color. Dry patches of skin that may resemble a burn. Blisters and draining fluid in severe cases
67
What habits do you need to be aware when taking an orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning sheet?
Digit or finger sucking Dummy sucking Nail biting Mouth breathing
68
What’s the normal nasolabial angle?
90-110 degree
69
What are the causes for generalised spacing?
Missing teeth Microdontia Jaw size – tooth size discrepancy Periodontal problems Macroglossia Habits
70
if a permanent canine hasn’t erupted yet, what would you expect to see clinically?
Non-appearance of permanent canine clinically by its eruption age Presence of antimere (no symmetry) Presence of anterior spacing for a long period Persistent median diastema Abnormal morphology of lateral incisors or presence of peg laterals Improper angulations of adjacent teeth
71
When do permanent canines erupt?
Between 9 – 13 years
72
Bulge of permanent canine could be palpated buccally above the deciduous canine when?
2-3 years before its eruption.
73
What is the purpose of occlusal radiographs?
Occlusal X-rays show the roof or floor of the mouth and are used to find extra teeth, teeth that have not yet broken through the gums, jaw fractures, a cleft palate, cysts, abscesses or growths.
74
How does the SLOB principle work?
If the object has moved on the same as that of the x-ray tube it is lingually placed and if it has moved on the opposite side, it is on the buccal side.
75
What are the factors influencing the treatment decision of an impacted canine?
Position of canine favourable or unfavourable Age of patient Availability of space Presence of adequate width of attached gingiva
76
What do the grades for the IOTN mean?
1. Grade 1 = no or little treatment Grade 2 = no or little treatment Grade 3 = borderline need Grade 4 = need treatment Grade 5 = need treatment
77
What does MOCDO stand for?
DHC only the most severe single occlusal trait is recorded M = missing O = overjet C = crossbite D = Displacement O = Overbite
78
how might you be able to provide relief to a ulcer from trauma from an orthodontic appliance
relief is achievable with the use of topical anaesthetic directly applied to the site with a microbrush. The patient can then be advised to re-apply topical anaesthetic to the lesion as required Antiseptic mouthwashes, such as chlorhexidine, may be a useful aid in managing ulcerations
79
what is orthodontic wax
orthodontic wax pliable material that can be used to cover prominent components of the orthodontic appliance to prevent it from irritating the soft tissue
80
how do you manage trapped food in orthodontic appliance
This is easily treated using dental floss or an interdental brush to gently remove the food from between the tooth and the appliance
81
Regardless of the symptoms, a patient should always be referred to the Accident and Emergency (A+E) department at a local hospital when the ingested component is more than how many cm long
component is more than 5 cm long as there is a higher risk of obstruction and perforation of the gastrointestinal tract, so removal may be advised instead of allowing the component to pass naturally. It is important when a patient is sent to the hospital that the referral letter includes information about the component, such as its size, shape, flexibility and radio-opacity, as well as information about the incident, such as when the object was swallowed. This will help in locating the component and predicting the outcome.

ISCE RESIT (4 decks)

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